An Investigation on Radiation Shielding Properties of Borosilicate Glass Systems

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Abstract

The aim of this research is to examine the radiation shielding properties of 5B2O3-40SiO2-(55-x)Al2O3-xBaO (BSABa-x) glass systems, which are containing barium and aluminum oxide added to borosilicate glasses, with varying from 25 to 34 weight fractions. Shielding parameters, such as linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), effective atomic weight (Aeff), exposure buildup factors (EBF) and energy absorption buildup factors (EABF) enable us to obtain information about the radiation shielding power of composite glass material groups. Therefore, the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), for the 0.015–15 MeV gamma-ray energies are obtained by using the Py-MLBUF online software to determine photon shielding parameters of BSABa-x glasses. The results are shown that the glass which contains higher BaO concentration has higher mass attenuation coefficients. BSABa-34 glass has the highest MACs, ranging from 0.111 cm2/g to 90.400 cm2/g, while BSABa-25 glass has the lowest values, ranging from 0.099 cm2/g to 69.000 cm2/g. The BSABa-34 glass with the highest BaO contribution has the thinnest MFP and HVL values. In addition, photon buildup is minimized by adding BaO to the BSABa-x glasses. Accordingly, we can conclude that adding BaO to aluminum borosilicate glasses at increasing rates, improves nuclear radiation resistance properties.

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Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals

Monisha Jaishankar, Tenzin Tseten, Naresh Anbalagan … (2014)

Heavy metal toxicity has proven to be a major threat and there are several health risks associated with it. The toxic effects of these metals, even though they do not have any biological role, remain present in some or the other form harmful for the human body and its proper functioning. They sometimes act as a pseudo element of the body while at certain times they may even interfere with metabolic processes. Few metals, such as aluminium, can be removed through elimination activities, while some metals get accumulated in the body and food chain, exhibiting a chronic nature. Various public health measures have been undertaken to control, prevent and treat metal toxicity occurring at various levels, such as occupational exposure, accidents and environmental factors. Metal toxicity depends upon the absorbed dose, the route of exposure and duration of exposure, i.e. acute or chronic. This can lead to various disorders and can also result in excessive damage due to oxidative stress induced by free radical formation. This review gives details about some heavy metals and their toxicity mechanisms, along with their health effects.

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Lead toxicity: a review

Ab Latif Wani, Anjum Ara, Jawed Ahmad Usmani (2015)

Lead toxicity is an important environmental disease and its effects on the human body are devastating. There is almost no function in the human body which is not affected by lead toxicity. Though in countries like US and Canada the use of lead has been controlled up to a certain extent, it is still used vehemently in the developing countries. This is primarily because lead bears unique physical and chemical properties that make it suitable for a large number of applications for which humans have exploited its benefits from historical times and thus it has become a common environmental pollutant. Lead is highly persistent in the environment and because of its continuous use its levels rise in almost every country, posing serious threats. This article reviews the works listed in the literature with recent updates regarding the toxicity of lead. Focus is also on toxic effects of lead on the renal, reproductive and nervous system. Finally the techniques available for treating lead toxicity are presented with some recent updates.