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      Evaluación cinética de los dípteros como indicadores de la evolución del proceso de compostaje Translated title: Kinetic evaluation of diptera as indicators of the evolution of composting process

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          Abstract

          Este trabajo buscó establecer el papel de ciertos organismos, en particular de artrópodos, en el proceso de compostaje, con el fin de establecer parámetros biológicos, físicos y químicos que permitan evaluar y garantizar la óptima calidad del material final. Para el estudio fue establecida una compostera de residuos sólidos urbanos separados en la fuente (RSU-sf). En ella se efectuaron muestreos, por un período de dos meses, para los análisis microbiológicos, entomológicos, físicos y químicos. Se obtuvo una matriz de las sucesiones, primordialmente de insectos asociados a las diferentes fases y tiempos de desarrollo y su relación con las variables físicas y químicas. Los análisis evidenciaron una alta correlación de las enterobacterias con la abundancia de las especies Chonocephalus sp. (Phoridae), Drosophila sp. (Drosophilidae), Physiphora sp. (Ulidiidae), Desmometopa sp. (Milichiidae) y Tephiritidae. También se encontró que la ausencia de estos artrópodos puede emplearse como indicador de la estabilidad del sistema.

          Translated abstract

          This research aimed to establish the role of organisms, particularly arthropods, in a composting process, in order to set biological, physical and chemical parameters which allow evaluating the optimal quality of the final matter. For this purpose, a compost pile of urban solid waste separated at source (RSU-sf) was built in which sampling was carried out during two months for microbiological, entomological, and physicochemical testing. A matrix of successions was obtained, especially for insects associated with different development stages and its relationship to physical and chemical variables. Analyses evidenced a high correlation of family Enterobacteriaceae, with the abundance of species Chonocephalus sp. (Phoridae), Drosophila sp. (Drosophilidae), Physiphora sp. (Ulidiidae), Desmometopa sp. (Milichiidae) and Tephritidae. It was also found that the absence of these arthropods can be used as an indicator of system stability.

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          Chemical and biological changes during composting of different organic wastes and assessment of compost maturity.

          Changes in organic C, total N, C:N ratio, activities of cellulase, xylanase and protease, and microbial population were determined during composting of different organic wastes such as mixture of sugarcane trash and cattle dung, press mud, poultry waste and water hyacinth biomass. There were losses of N in poultry waste and water hyacinth with the effect an initial increase in C:N ratio was observed which decreased later on due to decomposition. The activities of cellulase, xylanase and protease were maximum between 30 and 60 days of composting in various wastes. Similar trend was observed with respect to mesophilic bacterial and fungal population. Various quality parameters like C:N ratio, water soluble C (WSC), CO(2) evolution and level of humic substances were compared after 90 day composting. There was statistically significant correlation between C:N ratio and CO(2) evolution, WSC and humic substances. Significant correlation between CO(2) evolved and level of humic substances was also observed. The study shows that no single parameter can be taken as an index of compost maturity. However, C:N ratio and CO(2) evolved from finished compost can be taken as the most reliable indices of compost maturity.
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            Effect of C/N on composting of pig manure with sawdust.

            The aim of this composting trial was to evaluate the effect of C/N on the composting process of pig manure with the purpose of reducing the amount of sawdust normally used as co-composting materials. Two aerobic static piles were prepared consisting of pig manure mixed with sawdust at an initial C/N of 30 (pile A) and 15 (pile B), respectively. Pile B containing larger amount of pig manure showed a slower rise in temperature, lower maximum temperature, and shorter thermophilic phase than pile A. It also resulted in higher pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values, and even higher contents of soluble NH4-N and volatile solids throughout the composting period. Chemical and biological parameters including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (4932 mg kg(-1)), soluble NH4-N (371 mg kg(-1)), C/Nsolid (18.3), C/Naquoeus (5.8) and seed germination index (GI) (66.5%) indicated that pile A achieved maturity after 49 days of composting. After 63 days of composting, pile B contained 5352 and 912 mg kg(-1) of DOC and soluble NH4-N content, respectively, which was much higher than the criterion of 5% and 400 mg kg(-1), indicating its immature nature. Pile B showed a relatively low GI value of 46%, which may be due to its high indigenous EC value as a result of larger amount of pig manure. Therefore, co-composting of pig manure with sawdust at a low initial C/N would require a composting longer than 63 days, and, the high salinity due to the large amount of pig manure would pose a potential inhibition on plant growth.
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              House Fly and Lesser Fly Control Utilizing the Black Soldier Fly in Manure Management Systems for Caged Laying Hens

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rium
                Revista Ingenierías Universidad de Medellín
                Rev. ing. univ. Medellín
                Universidad de Medellín (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                1692-3324
                2248-4094
                July 2010
                : 9
                : 17
                : 13-28
                Affiliations
                [02] Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia Colombia cpelaez@ 123456matematicas.udea.edu.co
                [01] Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Medellín Colombia gmorales@ 123456udem.edu.co
                Article
                S1692-33242010000200002 S1692-3324(10)00901702
                2e757b73-9fa2-4002-af9c-91a973b1b52c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 October 2010
                : 31 May 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Articulos

                stability,composting,solid urban waste,syrphidae,dipteros,estabilidad,compostaje,residuos sólidos urbanos,diphtera

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