Technologies in Home-Based Digital Rehabilitation: Scoping Review

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Abstract

Background

Due to growing pressure on the health care system, a shift in rehabilitation to home settings is essential. However, efficient support for home-based rehabilitation is lacking. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these challenges and has affected individuals and health care professionals during rehabilitation. Digital rehabilitation (DR) could support home-based rehabilitation. To develop and implement DR solutions that meet clients’ needs and ease the growing pressure on the health care system, it is necessary to provide an overview of existing, relevant, and future solutions shaping the constantly evolving market of technologies for home-based DR.

Objective

In this scoping review, we aimed to identify digital technologies for home-based DR, predict new or emerging DR trends, and report on the influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on DR.

Methods

The scoping review followed the framework of Arksey and O’Malley, with improvements made by Levac et al. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library. The search spanned January 2015 to January 2022. A bibliometric analysis was performed to provide an overview of the included references, and a co-occurrence analysis identified the technologies for home-based DR. A full-text analysis of all included reviews filtered the trends for home-based DR. A gray literature search supplemented the results of the review analysis and revealed the influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of DR.

Results

A total of 2437 records were included in the bibliometric analysis and 95 in the full-text analysis, and 40 records were included as a result of the gray literature search. Sensors, robotic devices, gamification, virtual and augmented reality, and digital and mobile apps are already used in home-based DR; however, artificial intelligence and machine learning, exoskeletons, and digital and mobile apps represent new and emerging trends. Advantages and disadvantages were displayed for all technologies. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased use of digital technologies as remote approaches but has not led to the development of new technologies.

Conclusions

Multiple tools are available and implemented for home-based DR; however, some technologies face limitations in the application of home-based rehabilitation. However, artificial intelligence and machine learning could be instrumental in redesigning rehabilitation and addressing future challenges of the health care system, and the rehabilitation sector in particular. The results show the need for feasible and effective approaches to implement DR that meet clients’ needs and adhere to framework conditions, regardless of exceptional situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Most cited references 209

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Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework

Lisa O'Malley, Hilary Arksey (2005)

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Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping

Nees Jan van Eck, Ludo Waltman (2011)

We present VOSviewer, a freely available computer program that we have developed for constructing and viewing bibliometric maps. Unlike most computer programs that are used for bibliometric mapping, VOSviewer pays special attention to the graphical representation of bibliometric maps. The functionality of VOSviewer is especially useful for displaying large bibliometric maps in an easy-to-interpret way. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part, an overview of VOSviewer’s functionality for displaying bibliometric maps is provided. In the second part, the technical implementation of specific parts of the program is discussed. Finally, in the third part, VOSviewer’s ability to handle large maps is demonstrated by using the program to construct and display a co-citation map of 5,000 major scientific journals.

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Scoping studies: advancing the methodology

Danielle Levac, Heather Colquhoun, Kelly K. O’Brien (2010)

Background Scoping studies are an increasingly popular approach to reviewing health research evidence. In 2005, Arksey and O'Malley published the first methodological framework for conducting scoping studies. While this framework provides an excellent foundation for scoping study methodology, further clarifying and enhancing this framework will help support the consistency with which authors undertake and report scoping studies and may encourage researchers and clinicians to engage in this process. Discussion We build upon our experiences conducting three scoping studies using the Arksey and O'Malley methodology to propose recommendations that clarify and enhance each stage of the framework. Recommendations include: clarifying and linking the purpose and research question (stage one); balancing feasibility with breadth and comprehensiveness of the scoping process (stage two); using an iterative team approach to selecting studies (stage three) and extracting data (stage four); incorporating a numerical summary and qualitative thematic analysis, reporting results, and considering the implications of study findings to policy, practice, or research (stage five); and incorporating consultation with stakeholders as a required knowledge translation component of scoping study methodology (stage six). Lastly, we propose additional considerations for scoping study methodology in order to support the advancement, application and relevance of scoping studies in health research. Summary Specific recommendations to clarify and enhance this methodology are outlined for each stage of the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Continued debate and development about scoping study methodology will help to maximize the usefulness and rigor of scoping study findings within healthcare research and practice.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Angela Arntz:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-1374

Division of PhysiotherapyDepartment of Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Applied Health Sciences BochumGesundheitscampus 6-8Bochum, 44801Germany49 234 77727 67949 234 77727 879angela.arntz@hs-gesundheit.de

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol

Journal ID (publisher-id): JRAT

Title: JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies

Publisher: JMIR Publications (Toronto, Canada )

ISSN (Electronic): 2369-2529

Publication date Collection: 2023

Publication date (Electronic): 27 July 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 27 July 2023

Volume: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: e43615

Affiliations

[1 ] Division of Physiotherapy Department of Applied Health Sciences University of Applied Health Sciences Bochum Bochum Germany

[2 ] Faculty of Human Sciences University of Cologne Cologne Germany

[3 ] Department of Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Science & Sports University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands

[4 ] Institute of Rehabilitation Jamk University of Applied Sciences Jyväskylä Finland

[5 ] Institute of Health Sciences St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences St. Pölten Austria

[6 ] Department of Media & Digital Technologies St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences St. Pölten Austria

[7 ] Department of Public and Community Health Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology University of West Attica Athens Greece

[8 ] Department of Occupational Therapy University of West Attica Athens Greece

[9 ] Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Palma de Mallorca Spain

[10 ] Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy University of the Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca Spain

[11 ] Department of Geriatric Medicine St. Marien-Hospital Cologne Germany

Author notes

Corresponding Author: Angela Arntz angela.arntz@ 123456hs-gesundheit.de

Author information

Angela Arntz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-1374

Franziska Weber https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6226-9879

Marietta Handgraaf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9291-3111

Kaisa Lällä https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-9980

Katariina Korniloff https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0753-1483

Kari-Pekka Murtonen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4370-1873

Julija Chichaeva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-0947

Anita Kidritsch https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-0270

Mario Heller https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-5634

Evanthia Sakellari https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5396-029X

Christina Athanasopoulou https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-1193

Areti Lagiou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-358X

Ioanna Tzonichaki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6623-0747

Iosune Salinas-Bueno https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-1056

Pau Martínez-Bueso https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-0265

Olga Velasco-Roldán https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2376-433X

Ralf-Joachim Schulz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-8894

Christian Grüneberg https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-8457

Article

Publisher ID: v10i1e43615

DOI: 10.2196/43615

PMC ID: 10415951

PubMed ID: 37253381

SO-VID: 2e6140a1-777d-472b-8f39-52c014d32bd5

Copyright © ©Angela Arntz, Franziska Weber, Marietta Handgraaf, Kaisa Lällä, Katariina Korniloff, Kari-Pekka Murtonen, Julija Chichaeva, Anita Kidritsch, Mario Heller, Evanthia Sakellari, Christina Athanasopoulou, Areti Lagiou, Ioanna Tzonichaki, Iosune Salinas-Bueno, Pau Martínez-Bueso, Olga Velasco-Roldán, Ralf-Joachim Schulz, Christian Grüneberg. Originally published in JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technology (https://rehab.jmir.org), 27.07.2023.

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technology, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://rehab.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

History

Date received : 18 October 2022

Date revision requested : 12 January 2023

Date revision received : 10 March 2023

Date accepted : 25 May 2023

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