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      The prognostic value of lncRNA SNHG4 and its potential mechanism in liver cancer

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          Abstract

          Background and object: Emerging evidence shows that non-coding RNA functions as new gene regulators and prognostic markers in several cancers, including liver cancer. Here, we focused on the small nucleolar RNA host gene 4 (SNHG4) in liver cancer prognosis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data.

          Methods: The expression data and clinical information were downloaded from TCGA. Chi-square tests evaluated the correlation between SNHG4 expression and clinical parameters. Differences in survival between high and low expression groups (optic cutoff value determined by ROC) from Cox regression analysis were compared, and P-value was calculated by a log-rank test. Kaplan–Meier curves were compared with the log-rank test. GSEA and ceRNA network were conducted to explore the potential mechanism.

          Results: Data mining of lncRNA expression data for 371 patients with primary tumor revealed overexpression of SNHG4 in liver cancer. High SNHG4 expression was correlated with histological type ( P = 0.01), histologic grade ( P = 0.001), stage ( P = 0.01), T classification ( P = 0.004) and survival status ( P = 0.013). Patients with high SNHG4 expression had poor overall survival and relapse-free survival compared with those with low SNHG4 expression. Multivariate analysis identified SNHG4 as an independent prognostic factor of poor survival in liver cancer. GSEA revealed related signaling pathway and ceRNA network explored the further mechanism.

          Conclusion: High SNHG4 expression is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in liver cancer.

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          LncRNA SNHG4 promotes tumour growth by sponging miR-224-3p and predicts poor survival and recurrence in human osteosarcoma

          Ruida Xu, Fan Feng, Xiaosheng Yu … (2018)
          Accumulating data show that dysregulation of long noncoding RNA s (lnc RNA s) acts a critical role in a variety of malignancies. Among these lnc RNA s, small nucleolar RNA host genes ( SNHG s) are associated with tumour growth and progression. But, the molecular mechanisms by which SNHG 4 contributes to osteosarcoma remain undocumented. The association between lnc RNA SNHG 4 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma was analysed by TCGA RNA ‐sequencing data. Cell viability and colony formation abilities were respectively assessed by MTT and colony formation assays. Lnc RNA SNHG 4‐specific binding with miR‐224‐3p was verified by bioinformatic analysis, luciferase gene report, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Regulation relationship between SNHG 4 and miR‐224‐3p expression was further evaluated by the rescue experiments. The expression level of lnc RNA SNHG 4 was significantly elevated in osteosarcoma samples and cell lines as compared with the adjacent normal tissues, and SNHG 4 high expression was associated with tumour size (TS) and poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Knockdown of SNHG 4 suppressed cell viability and invasive potential, whereas ectopic SNHG 4 expression displayed the opposite effects. Moreover, we found that lnc RNA SNHG 4 acted as a sponge of miR‐224‐3p, and miR‐224‐3p mimic reversed SNHG 4 induced tumour‐promoting effects in osteosarcoma cells. The expression of miR‐224‐3p depicted a negative correlation with SNHG 4 in osteosarcoma samples and miR‐224‐3p low expression was associated with TS and poor survival in patients with osteosarcoma. Our findings demonstrated that Lnc RNA SNHG 4 promoted tumour growth by sponging miR‐224‐3p and represented a poor prognostic factor in patients with osteosarcoma.
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            ITGA3 serves as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer

            Yan Jiao, Yanqing Li, Songyang Liu … (2019)
            Background and objective: ITGA3 is a cell surface adhesion protein that interacts with extracellular matrix proteins which function in cancer metastasis. We examined the relationship of pancreatic ITGA3 expression with the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: Data mining was used to analyze pancreatic cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A Chi squared test was used to evaluate correlations of ITGA3 expression with clinical and pathological parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ITGA3 expression. Survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to examine the prognostic value of ITGA3 expression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify signaling pathways related to ITGA3 expression. Results: Pancreatic expression of ITGA3 was greater in patients with pancreatic cancer than those without cancer, and was also associated with histological type, histological grade, stage, T classification, vital status, and relapse. ROC analysis indicated that ITGA3 had significant diagnostic value, in that high expression correlated with poor overall survival and relapse-free survival, especially in patients with early-stage cancer. Cox analysis indicated that high ITGA3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer. GSEA analysis identified 9 signaling pathways that were enriched in the presence of high ITGA3 expression. Conclusion: Expression of ITGA3 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer.
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              Increased long noncoding RNA SNHG20 predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer

              Cong Li, Li-li Zhou, Jun-Hua He … (2016)
              Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested to be involved in the development and progression of malignancies. However, the investigation of small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 (SNHG20) on cancer progression remains unknown. The present study aims to explore the clinical significance of SNHG20 and its potential molecular mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the SNHG20 expression in a total of 107 CRC tissues and CRC cell lines. Loss of function approach was employed to explore the biological roles of SNHG20 in vitro. Its potential molecular mechanism was further verified by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Results The results suggested that SNHG20 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to corresponding normal tissues from 107 CRC patients. High expression of SNHG20 was remarkably associated with advanced TNM stage in patients with CRC. Multivariate analyses unraveled that SNHG20 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in CRC patients. Further functional assays revealed that knockdown of SNHG20 suppressed cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and cell cycle progression in CRC cells. Moreover, SNHG20 regulated cell growth through modulation of a series of cell cycle-associated genes. Conclusions Our findings suggest that dysregulation of SNHG20 participates in CRC progression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in CRC patients.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Fang Hua
                Yahui Liu:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4018-5404
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biosci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biosci. Rep
                Journal ID (publisher-id): bsr
                Title: Bioscience Reports
                Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0144-8463
                ISSN (Electronic): 1573-4935
                Publication date Collection: 31 January 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 January 2020
                Volume: 40
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: BSR20190729
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
                [2 ]Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
                [3 ]Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P.R. China
                [4 ]Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Yahui Liu ( liuyh_2008@ 123456yeah.net ) and Fang Hua ( huafangjdyy@ 123456yeah.net )
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4018-5404
                Article
                Publisher ID: BSR20190729
                DOI: 10.1042/BSR20190729
                PMC ID: 6997108
                PubMed ID: 31967298
                SO-VID: 2e137030-a145-47f2-8f96-226d7906d2b9
                Copyright © © 2020 The Author(s).
                License:

                This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

                History
                Date received : 23 March 2019
                Date revision received : 01 January 2020
                Date accepted : 20 January 2020
                Date: 22 January 2020
                Page count
                Pages: 12
                Categories
                Subject: Cancer
                Subject: Bioinformatics
                Subject: Diagnostics & Biomarkers
                Subject: Research Articles

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: liver cancer,prognosis,small nucleolar rna host gene 4,snhg4,the cancer genome atlas
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: liver cancer, prognosis, small nucleolar rna host gene 4, snhg4, the cancer genome atlas

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