11
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
2 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Urban green space use during a time of stress: A case study during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brisbane, Australia

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          1. Spending time in nature is one potential way to cope with the negative physical and psychological health impacts from major stressful life events. In 2020, a large fraction of the global population was impacted by restrictions to contain the spread of the COVID‐19 outbreak, a period characterised by marked health risks and behavioural changes. Here we explore whether people responded to this stressor by spending more time in nature and investigate the reasons for any changes.

          2. We surveyed 1,002 people in Brisbane, Australia in 2020, to measure the change in use of green space during the restrictions period and benefits people associated with visiting them.

          3. About 36% of participants increased their urban green space use, but 26% reduced it, indicating a great deal of flux. Furthermore, 45% of the previous non‐users of urban green space began using it for the first time during the restrictions period. Older people were less likely to increase their green space use and those with a backyard were more likely to increase their use of green spaces.

          4. Participants' change in use occurred regardless of the amount of green space available in close proximity to their households. In addition, we did not find a relationship between nature‐relatedness and change in use.

          5. People's reasons for green space use shifted during the pandemic‐related restrictions period, with many emphasising improvement of personal well‐being rather than consolidating community capital. Most participants indicated an increase in the importance of the psychological and physical benefits obtained from urban green spaces.

          6. We conclude that increased urban green space use during moments of stress such as the COVID‐19 pandemic has the potential to ameliorate some of the negative effects of the stressor, but that the capacity and desire to spend more time in green space varies markedly across society. Sufficient urban green space provision for all sections of society will maximise the opportunity to employ a nature‐based coping mechanism during times of personal or community stress.

          Abstract

          A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

          Resumen

          1. Pasar tiempo en la naturaleza es una forma de contrarrestar el impacto físico y psicológico que tiene los eventos estresantes en nuestras vidas. En el 2020, una gran porción de la población mundial fue impactada por las restricciones impuestas por la propagación del COVID‐19, un periodo que se caracterizó por notables riesgos para la salud y cambios en el comportamiento de las personas. Aquí exploramos si las personas respondieron a este evento estresante pasando más tiempo en la naturaleza y también investigamos las razones asociadas a cualquier cambio.

          2. Encuestamos a 1002 personas en Brisbane, Australia, en el 2020, para medir el cambio en el uso de los espacios verdes públicos durante la cuarentena ocasionada por la pandemia y los beneficios que la gente ha asociado a su visita.

          3. Alrededor del 36% de los encuestados aumentaron el uso de los espacios verdes públicos urbanos y el 26% lo redujo, lo que indica un cambio en la concepción del uso durante la pandemia. Esto se confirma ya que un 45% de los encuestados que no han usado espacios verdes públicos previo a la cuarentena, lo utilizaron por primera vez. Los adultos mayores fueron menos proclive a aumentar el uso de espacios verdes y los encuestados que poseían un patio en sus hogares, tendieron a un mayor uso de los espacios verdes.

          4. Independientemente a la cantidad disponible de espacios verdes públicos en la proximidad de los hogares de los participantes, se ha producido un cambio en las visitas a espacios verdes públicos. Además, no encontramos una relación entre la conexión con la naturaleza de los participantes y el cambio de uso de espacios verdes públicos.

          5. Durante la cuarentena, los participantes han cambiado las razones por las cuales utilizaron espacios verdes públicos urbanos. Muchos participantes hicieron hincapié en los beneficios al bienestar personal en lugar de aquellos beneficios comunitarios. Por ejemplo, la mayoría de los participantes indicaron un aumento de la importancia de los beneficios psicológicos y físicos obtenidos por el uso de espacios verdes públicos urbanos.

          6. Concluimos que, en momentos de estrés, como por ejemplo la pandemia COVID‐19, un aumento en el uso de espacios verdes tiene el potencial de mejorar algunos de los efectos negativos del estrés, pero que el deseo y la habilidad de pasar más tiempo en los espacios verdes varía notablemente en la sociedad. Proveer suficientes espacios verdes públicos para todos los sectores de la sociedad, maximizaría la oportunidad de emplear un mecanismo para afrontar los estreses personales o comunitarios, basado en la naturaleza.

          A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

          要旨

          1. 自然の中で時間を過ごすことは、人生における主要なストレスの多い出来事から受ける身体的・心理的な健康への悪影響に対処する一つの方法だと考えられる。世界人口の大半がCOVID‐19の発生拡大を抑制するための生活上の制限によって影響を受けた2020年は、顕著な健康リスクが発生し、人々の行動も大きく変化した特徴的な期間であった。本研究では、人々が自然の中でより多くの時間を過ごすことでこのストレス要因に対応したかどうかを調べ、また変化の理由を調査した。

          2. 2020年にオーストラリアのブリスベンで1002人を対象に調査を行い、制限期間中の緑地利用の変化と、緑地への訪問がもたらす恩恵を測定した。

          3. 結果には大きなばらつきがあり、約36%の調査回答者が制限期間中に都市部の緑地利用を増やしたが、26%は逆に利用を減らしていた。また、これまで都市緑地を利用していなかった回答者の45%が、制限期間中に初めて都市緑地を利用したことが明らかになった。また、高齢者は緑地利用を増やす傾向が少なく、自宅に裏庭がある回答者の方が緑地利用を増やす傾向があった。

          4. 一方で、回答者の自宅近隣に存在する緑地量や自然とのつながりの強さは、緑地利用の変化程度と関係が見られなかった。

          5. パンデミックに関連した制限前に比較して人々が緑地を利用する理由は変化し、多くの回答者は地域社会における便益よりも個人の福利向上を緑地利用の理由として重視していた。ほとんどの回答者は、制限期間中に都市の緑地から得られる心理的・身体的な恩恵の重要性が増したと回答した。

          6. 結論として、COVID‐19パンデミックのようなストレス時に都市の緑地利用を増やすことで、ストレス要因による負の影響の一部を改善できる可能性があるものの、実際にどれだけ緑地利用を増加させられるか、また増加させたいかは人によって著しく異なることが明らかになった。社会の全ての人に十分な都市緑地を提供することで、個人や地域社会レベルのストレスに対して自然に基づく対処メカニズムを採用する機会を最大化することができるだろう。

          Related collections

          Most cited references82

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence

          Summary The December, 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak has seen many countries ask people who have potentially come into contact with the infection to isolate themselves at home or in a dedicated quarantine facility. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence. We did a Review of the psychological impact of quarantine using three electronic databases. Of 3166 papers found, 24 are included in this Review. Most reviewed studies reported negative psychological effects including post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, and anger. Stressors included longer quarantine duration, infection fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss, and stigma. Some researchers have suggested long-lasting effects. In situations where quarantine is deemed necessary, officials should quarantine individuals for no longer than required, provide clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols, and ensure sufficient supplies are provided. Appeals to altruism by reminding the public about the benefits of quarantine to wider society can be favourable.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

            Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              glmmTMB Balances Speed and Flexibility Among Packages for Zero-inflated Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                v.berdejoespinola@uq.net.au
                felipesuarezca@gmail.com
                Journal
                People Nat (Hoboken)
                People Nat (Hoboken)
                10.1002/(ISSN)2575-8314
                PAN3
                People and Nature (Hoboken, N.j.)
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2575-8314
                26 May 2021
                June 2021
                : 3
                : 3 ( doiID: 10.1002/pan3.v3.3 )
                : 597-609
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
                [ 2 ] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Bogota Colombia
                [ 3 ] School of Communication and Arts The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Violeta Berdejo‐Espinola

                Email: v.berdejoespinola@ 123456uq.net.au

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9567-8276
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-3821
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-3410
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-0331
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-7727
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9468-9678
                Article
                PAN310218
                10.1002/pan3.10218
                8207087
                34151197
                2e01415a-bc29-4a65-b0b2-af670ce9b433
                © 2021 The Authors. People and Nature published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 01 December 2020
                : 16 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 3, Pages: 13, Words: 10458
                Categories
                Ecosystem Services Studies
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                June 2021
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.2 mode:remove_FC converted:16.06.2021

                covid‐19,ecosystem services,nature‐based,pandemic,resilience,stress,urban green spaces

                Comments

                Comment on this article