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      Three-dimensional Analysis of Nasolabial Soft Tissues While Smiling Using stereophotogrammetry (3dMDTM) Translated title: Análisis Tridimensional de los Tejidos Blandos Nasolabiales en Sonrisa Utilizando Estereofotogrametría (3dMDTM)

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          Abstract

          SUMMARY: The nasolabial region is the central esthetic unit of the face and is considered one of the most important determinants of the facial esthetic. The facial morphometry of soft tissues is a very important tool in facial surgery. Advances have been made recently in the capture and analysis of 3D images, which offer great development potential in the diagnosis and treatment of facial deformities. The aim of this study was to characterize the nasolabial region of patient candidates for orthognathic surgery using 3D facial captures. A study was conducted to characterize the width of the nasal base and the nasolabial angle in adult patients through 3D photographs. 30 subjects were included, taking two 3D photos each, one in a resting position and the other smiling. The three-dimensional capture was done with the 3dMDface System. The measurements were taken with the 3dMD Vultus software. The length of the alar base was an average of 34.3 ± 2.6 mm at rest, and 39.1 ± 2.9 mm smiling. The mean of the nasolabial angle was 104.6 ± 9.6° at rest and 105.4 ± 14.3º smiling. Additionally, the distance of the alar base smiling compared to its distance at rest increased an average of 4.83 mm, whereas the nasolabial angle smiling increased an average of 0.8º compared to at rest. In this study, the nasolabial angle did not present any significant changes so that its assessments in the case of facial modifications can be standard; the width of the nasal base is significantly modified with the smile and thus a more intense study of any type of modification in this area is required.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN: La región nasolabial es la unidad estética central de la cara y se considera uno de los determinantes más importantes de la estética facial. La morfometría facial en tejidos bandos, es una herramienta de gran importancia en Cirugía Facial. En el último tiempo, se han realizado avances en captura y análisis de imágenes 3D, las cuales ofrecen un gran potencial de desarrollo en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las deformidades faciales. El objetivo de éste trabajo fue caracterizar mediante capturas faciales 3D la región nasolabial de pacientes candidatos a cirugía ortognática. Se realizó un estudio para caracterizar a través de fotografías tridimensionales de pacientes adultos el ancho de la base nasal y el ángulo nasolabial. Se incluyeron 30 sujetos, tomando 2 fotografías 3D a cada uno, una en posición de reposo y otra en sonrisa. Se realizó la captura tridimensional con la camara facial 3dMDface System. Las mediciones fueron realizadas con el software 3dMD Vultus. La longitud de base alar en reposo, fue en promedio de 34,3 ± 2,6 mm, y de 39,1 ± 2,9 mm, en sonrisa. Por otra parte, la media del ángulo nasolabial en reposo fue de 104,6 ± 9,6° y en sonrisa, de 105,4 ± 14,3º. Por otro lado, la distancia de la base alar en sonrisa respecto a su distancia en reposo, aumentó un promedio de 4,83 mm, mientras que el ángulo nasolabial en sonrisa, aumentó en promedio 0,8º respecto a la posición de reposo. En esta investigación, el ángulo nasolabial no presentó cambios significativos de forma que su valoración frente a modificaciones faciales puede ser estándar; el ancho de base nasal se modifica significativamente con la sonrisa de forma que su estudio debe ser más agudo frente a cualquier tipo de modificación en esta zona.

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          The gingival smile line.

          A comparative study was performed to examine the nature of the gingival smile line (GSL), a specific dentolabial configuration characterized by the exposure of maxillary anterior gingiva during a full smile. Five soft-tissue, three dental and three skeletal variables were selected, measured and reported for a GSL sample (n = 27) and a reference sample (n = 88), both consisting of North American white orthodontic patients with a median age of 14.4 years. The results indicated that the capacity to project a gingival smile was related to: anterior vertical maxillary excess and the muscular ability to raise the upper lip significantly higher than average when smiling. Other variables significantly associated with GSL were greater overjet, greater interlabial gap at rest, and greater overbite. Factors that did not appear associated with the GSL phenomenon were upper-lip length, incisor clinical crown height, mandibular plane angle, and palatal plane angle. Clinical aspects of GSL were discussed.
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            A standardized nomenclature for craniofacial and facial anthropometry

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              Three-dimensional changes in nose and upper lip volume after orthognathic surgery

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ijmorphol
                International Journal of Morphology
                Int. J. Morphol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía (Temuco, , Chile )
                0717-9502
                2019
                : 37
                : 1
                : 232-236
                Affiliations
                [1] Temuco Araucanía orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera Chile
                [5] Santiago orgnameUniversity of Los Andes orgdiv1Faculty of Medicine orgdiv2Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation Chile
                [3] Temuco Araucanía orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies Chile
                [4] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Los Andes orgdiv1Faculty of Dentistry orgdiv2BioMAT'X Chile
                [2] Temuco Araucanía orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Division of Oral, Facial and Maxillofacial Surgery Chile
                [6] Temuco Araucanía orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera Chile
                Article
                S0717-95022019000100232
                2dd3976b-621e-4756-ab98-6314b0aef8fb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 September 2018
                : 20 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Facial morphology,3D analysis,3dMD
                Facial morphology, 3D analysis, 3dMD

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