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      Concentración foliar de nutrimentos en plantaciones de Teca en la Cuenca del Canal de Panamá Translated title: Foliar nutrient concentration in teak plantations at the Panama Canal watershed

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          Abstract

          Se colectó 89 muestras de hojas en plantaciones de teca en la Cuenca del Canal de Panamá, con el fin de determinar la variación de la concentración foliar de macro y microelementos según el crecimiento de los árboles (bajo, medio y alto crecimiento en volumen.ha-1) y según los grupos de edad de las plantaciones entre 3-4, 5-6 y 7-8 años. Se determinó que el orden de la concentración de los macroelementos en las hojas de teca fue el N (1,9%), el Ca (1,1%), el K (0,7%), el S (0,2%) y el P (0,1%) y que el orden de concentración de los microelementos fue el Mn (50), Fe (43), Al (36), B (29), Zn (28), Cu (8) y Mo (0,4) mg.kg-1, respectivamente. Las concentraciones que se encuentran en niveles claramente bajos son el K, P, Fe, mientras que las de N, Ca, Mg y Mn, pueden considerarse como marginales o ligeramente bajas. Además, los nutrimentos foliares que varían con la edad de los árboles de teca y cuyas variaciones pueden ser explicadas estadísticamente son el Ca, Mg, N, K, Mn, Zn, Fe y Al. Las concentraciones foliares de Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe y Al muestran una tendencia a aumentar con la edad, mientras que las de N, K y Zn tienden a disminuir. El contenido foliar de Ca y Mn en las categorías de crecimiento alto y bajo de la teca es diferente estadísticamente (p<0,01), con valores para el Ca de 1,18% y 0,99% en categoría alta y baja, respectivamente, y para el Mn de 41 y 65 mg.kg-1 en categoría de crecimiento alta y baja, respectivamente.

          Translated abstract

          Foliar concentration of macroand micronutrients in teak plantations at the Panama Canal Watershed was measured on sites classed as high, medium, and low in growth (volume.ha-1). For the same purpose, plantations where grouped by age as young (3-4 years), medium (5-6 years) and late (7-8 years). Foliar macro-nutrients concentration followed the order N (1,9%), Ca (1.1%), K (0.7%), S (0.2%) and P (0.1%), while micro-nutrients concentrations decreased in the order Mn (50), Fe (43), Al (36), B (29), Zn (28), Cu (8), and Mo (0.4) mg.kg-1. The K, P and Fe concentrations were clearly identified as low, while N, Ca, Mg and Mn values can be considered as marginal to slightly low. The Ca, Mg, N, K, Mn, Zn, Fe and Al concentrations varied statistically with plantation age in different ways; foliar concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe and Al tend to increase with age, while those of N, K and Zn tend to diminish with age. Concentrations of Ca and Mn in the leaves of trees of sites with high and low growth differed statistically (p<0.01), with Ca values of 1.18% and 0.99%, in the high and low growth categories, respectively, and with Mn values of 41 and 65 mg.kg-1 in sites of high and low growth rates, respectively.

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            Recent advances in aluminum toxicity and resistance in higher plants

            Aluminum toxicity is a major soil constraint to food and biomass production throughout the world. Considerable advances in the understanding of the mechanism of resistance involving exudation of organic acids have been made in recent years. However, despite intense research efforts, there are many aspects of Al toxicity that remain unclear. This article reviews the features of the chemistry of Al relevant to its toxicity followed by an examination of the mechanisms of toxicity and resistance. Emphasis, however, is given to the mechanisms of Al toxicity, since resistance has been covered recently by several reviews. Some topics which are specifically discussed in this review are: a) The possible role of cellular effects of low pH in Al toxicity, which has been largely ignored and needs to be addressed; b) The relevance of non-genotypic (cell-to-cell) variations in sensitivity to Al; c) Evidence indicating that although Al may well exert its toxic effects in the cell wall, it is highly unlikely that Al does so in a non-specific manner by mere exchangeable binding; and d) The hypothesis that the primary target of Al toxicity resides in the cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton (CW-PM-CSK) continuum has the potential to integrate and conciliate much of the apparently conflicting results in this field.
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              Productividad y relaciones del índice de sitio con variables fisiográficas, edafoclimáticas y foliares para Tectona grandis L.f., Bombacopsis quinatum (Jacq) Dugand y Gmelina arbórea Roxb. en Costa Rica

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ac
                Agronomía Costarricense
                Agron. Costarricense
                Universidad de Costa Rica. Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrónomos. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (San Pedro de Montes de Oca )
                0377-9424
                June 2014
                : 38
                : 1
                : 11-28
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                [2 ] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                [3 ] Ecoforest Panamá
                Article
                S0377-94242014000100001
                2dc3799a-5d82-414b-90f1-b1a6c83d5cee

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0377-9424&lng=en

                Tectona grandis,nutrients,concentration,foliar,nutrimentos,concentración

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