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      RELACIÓN ENTRE LA INGESTA DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS, LA OXIDACIÓN DE SUBSTRATOS ENERGÉTICOS Y LA RESPUESTA INSULÍNICA Translated title: DIETARY FATTY ACIDS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ENERGY SUBSTRATES OXIDATION AND INSULIN RESPONSE

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          Abstract

          La presente revisión analiza los roles de los ácidos grasos dietarios; en primer lugar a nivel celular en lo que respecta a la diferenciación adipocítica, expresión génica de enzimas y la síntesis de proteínas involucradas en el metabolismo energético. En segundo lugar, se analiza los efectos de los ácidos grasos en el mejoramiento de la sensibilidad o de la resistencia insulínica, en particular sobre la relevancia de los ácidos grasos saturados versus los poliinsaturados. Finalmente, se describen los efectos de las distintas calidades de ácidos grasos sobre el metabolismo oxidativo de sustratos energéticos. En la actualidad se conoce que la mayoría de estos efectos pueden ser modulados a través de modificaciones dietéticas simples como por ejemplo la variación en el tipo de aceite ingerido. La relevancia de estos procesos en relación a la obesidad y sus alteraciones metabólicas se enfatizan de manera específica

          Translated abstract

          This review aims to describe firstly, the most relevant information about the role of dietary fatty acids on cell products linked to adipocyte differentiation, genetic expression of enzymes associated to fat accretion and protein synthesis. Secondly, their effects on insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance, as conditioned by saturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, the effects of fatty acids on substrate oxidation metabolism, particularly in relation to fat and CHO oxidation. It is presently evident that most of these effects can be modulated through dietary modifications starting with simple changes such as the type of oil consumed. The relevance of these processes in regards to obesity and its metabolic disorders is particularly stressed

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          Most cited references42

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          Skeletal muscle membrane lipid composition is related to adiposity and insulin action.

          The cellular basis of insulin resistance is still unknown; however, relationships have been demonstrated between insulin action in muscle and the fatty acid profile of the major membrane structural lipid (phospholipid). The present study aimed to further investigate the hypothesis that insulin action and adiposity are associated with changes in the structural lipid composition of the cell. In 52 adult male Pima Indians, insulin action (euglycemic clamp), percentage body fat (pFAT; underwater weighing), and muscle phospholipid fatty acid composition (percutaneous biopsy of vastus lateralis) were determined. Insulin action (high-dose clamp; MZ) correlated with composite measures of membrane unsaturation (% C20-22 polyunsaturated fatty acids [r= 0.463, P < 0.001], unsaturation index [r= -0.369, P < 0.01]), a number of individual fatty acids and with delta5 desaturase activity (r= 0.451, P < 0.001). pFAT (range 14-53%) correlated with a number of individual fatty acids and delta5 desaturase activity (r= -0.610, P < 0.0001). Indices of elongase activity (r= -0.467, P < 0.001), and delta9 desaturase activity (r= 0.332, P < 0.05) were also related to pFAT but not insulin action. The results demonstrate that delta5 desaturase activity is independently related to both insulin resistance and obesity. While determining the mechanisms underlying this relationship is important for future investigations, strategies aimed at restoring "normal" enzyme activities, and membrane unsaturation, may have therapeutic importance in the "syndromes of insulin resistance."
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            Effect of dietary fish oil on body fat mass and basal fat oxidation in healthy adults

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              Differential oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vivo in the rat.

              The oxidation rates of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, alpha-linolenic, linoleic, kappa-linolenic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acids were studied by use of a radioisotope tracer technique in weanling rats at rest in a metabolism chamber over 24 h. Of the saturated fatty acids, lauric acid (12:0) was the most efficient energy substrate: the longer the chain length of the saturated fatty acids, the slower the rate of oxidation. Oleic acid (18:1) was oxidized at a remarkably fast rate, similar to that of lauric acid. Of the omega 6 essential fatty acids studied, linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6) was oxidized at a faster rate than any of its metabolites, with arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) being oxidized at the slowest rate. The rate of oxidation of gamma-linolenic acid (18:3 omega 3) was almost as fast as that of lauric and oleic acids.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchnut
                Revista chilena de nutrición
                Rev. chil. nutr.
                Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0717-7518
                April 2003
                : 30
                : 1
                : 15-20
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA) orgdiv2Laboratorio de Metabolismo Energético e Isótopos Estables Chile
                Article
                S0717-75182003000100002 S0717-7518(03)03000100002
                10.4067/S0717-75182003000100002
                2dc1ce28-30a3-4519-87ec-1fb1eb90ed68

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 December 2002
                : 15 March 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICULOS DE ACTUALIZACION

                ácidos grasos,oxidación de sustratos,obesidad,respuesta insulínica,obesity,substrate oxidation,insulin response,Dietary fatty acids

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