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      Phylogeny of the Neotropical Pacman catfish genus Lophiosilurus (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)

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          Abstract

          Abstract Lophiosilurus is a monotypic genus represented by L. alexandri, a species endemic to the São Francisco river basin, Brazil. In previous phylogenetic analyses, the genus has been recovered as the sister group of Cephalosilurus. However, few species of Cephalosilurus or few characters were included in those studies. Thus, the current study aims to test the monophyletic hypothesis of the genera Lophiosilurus and Cephalosilurus with a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, including all Cephalosilurus species and a representative number of characters. Phylogenetic analyses of 18 terminal taxa (15 ingroups and three outgroups) were conducted based on a combined 75 character matrix, including 70 discrete morphological characters concerning osteology and neuroanatomy, four continuous characters, and the geometric morphometry of the head. The monophyly of the family Pseudopimelodidae was highly supported, and Cephalosilurus is synonymized with Lophiosilurus. The recovered phylogeny of the genus was (L. albomarginatus (L. nigricaudus (L. apurensis (L. fowleri, L. alexandri)))).

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Lophiosilurus é um gênero monotípico representado por L. alexandri, uma espécie endêmica da bacia do rio São Francisco, Brasil. Em análises filogenéticas anteriores, o gênero foi recuperado como grupo irmão de Cephalosilurus. No entanto, poucas espécies de Cephalosilurus ou poucos caracteres foram incluídos nesses estudos. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo testar a hipótese de monofilia dos gêneros Lophiosilurus e Cephalosilurus, com uma análise filogenética mais abrangente, incluindo todas as espécies de Cephalosilurus e um número representativo de caracteres. As análises filogenéticas de 18 táxons terminais (15 do grupo interno e três grupos externos) foram realizadas com base em uma matriz combinada de 75 caracteres, incluindo 70 caracteres morfológicos discretos de osteologia e neuroanatomia, quatro caracteres contínuos e um de morfometria geométrica da cabeça. A monofilia da família Pseudopimelodidae foi altamente apoiada e Cephalosilurus foi sinonimizado como Lophiosilurus. A filogenia recuperada do gênero foi (L. albomarginatus (L. nigricaudus (L. apurensis (L. fowleri, L. alexandri))).

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          TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics

          Version 1.5 of the computer program TNT completely integrates landmark data into phylogenetic analysis. Landmark data consist of coordinates (in two or three dimensions) for the terminal taxa; TNT reconstructs shapes for the internal nodes such that the difference between ancestor and descendant shapes for all tree branches sums up to a minimum; this sum is used as tree score. Landmark data can be analysed alone or in combination with standard characters; all the applicable commands and options in TNT can be used transparently after reading a landmark data set. The program continues implementing all the types of analyses in former versions, including discrete and continuous characters (which can now be read at any scale, and automatically rescaled by TNT). Using algorithms described in this paper, searches for landmark data can be made tens to hundreds of times faster than it was possible before (from T to 3T times faster, where T is the number of taxa), thus making phylogenetic analysis of landmarks feasible even on standard personal computers.
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            Extensions of the Procrustes Method for the Optimal Superimposition of Landmarks

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              Generalized procrustes analysis

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1679-6225
                1982-0224
                2021
                : 19
                : 4
                : e210040
                Affiliations
                [3] Salvador Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia orgdiv1Instituto de Biologia orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução Brazil vitorabrahao32@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Ourinhos SP orgnameCentro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos Brazil lucasjarduli@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] Londrina Paraná orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Londrina orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Brazil shibatta@ 123456uel.br
                Article
                S1679-62252021000400214 S1679-6225(21)01900400214
                10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0040
                2daeb1f4-1b4a-4f9b-977e-6b0839e1597a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 August 2021
                : 01 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 63, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Cephalosilurus,Taxonomia,Sistemática,Pacamã,Biodiversidade,Taxonomy,Systematics,Biodiversity

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