Recommended implementation of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: A consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia.

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Abstract

This review provides a summary statement of recommended implementations of arterial spin labeling (ASL) for clinical applications. It is a consensus of the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group and the European ASL in Dementia consortium, both of whom met to reach this consensus in October 2012 in Amsterdam. Although ASL continues to undergo rapid technical development, we believe that current ASL methods are robust and ready to provide useful clinical information, and that a consensus statement on recommended implementations will help the clinical community to adopt a standardized approach. In this review, we describe the major considerations and trade-offs in implementing an ASL protocol and provide specific recommendations for a standard approach. Our conclusion is that as an optimal default implementation, we recommend pseudo-continuous labeling, background suppression, a segmented three-dimensional readout without vascular crushing gradients, and calculation and presentation of both label/control difference images and cerebral blood flow in absolute units using a simplified model.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Magn Reson Med

Title: Magnetic resonance in medicine

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

ISSN (Electronic): 1522-2594

ISSN (Print): 0740-3194

Publication date (Electronic): Jan 2015

Volume: 73

Issue: 1

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

[2 ] Departments of Neurology and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

[3 ] Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

[4 ] Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany.

[5 ] University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.

[6 ] Mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.

[7 ] Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

[8 ] FMRI Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

[9 ] Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

[10 ] Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

[11 ] Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.

[12 ] Centre for Imaging Science, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

[13 ] Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

[14 ] C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

[15 ] Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

[16 ] Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

[17 ] Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Article

Mid ID: NIHMS591163

DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25197

PMC ID: 4190138

PubMed ID: 24715426

SO-VID: 2d7bee93-96d5-4d5c-abc3-0697cbe6081c

History

Keywords: arterial spin labeling,cerebral blood flow,perfusion

Data availability:

Keywords: arterial spin labeling, cerebral blood flow, perfusion

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