Câncer e família: compreendendo os significados simbólicos

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Abstract

Este trabalho baseou-se nos pressupostos do Interacionismo Simbólico (IS) e da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD), para a compreensão da vivência de famílias que possuem um membro com câncer. Foram sujeitos do estudo cinco famílias de pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de câncer, perfazendo o total de doze pessoas. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio, mediante entrevista a díades ou tríades de membros familiares, tendo como questão norteadora “Como tem sido para vocês a experiência de vivenciar a doença na família?” As entrevistas transcritas foram analisadas seguindo os passos iniciais da TFD e apontaram as categorias conceituais: “Descobrindo o câncer”; “Enfrentando a doença”; “Sofrendo as consequências” e “Ultrapassando os limites”, mostrando como a família se reorganiza para superar as crises. A compreensão de como a família encara os desafios impostos pelo câncer e desenvolve estratégias de enfrentamento das dificuldades orienta a enfermagem para a prestação de um cuidado centrado na família.

Translated abstract

Este trabajo se basó en los presupuestos del Interaccionismo Simbólico (IS) y de la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos (TFD), para la comprensión de la experiencia de familias que poseen un miembro con cáncer. Fueron sujetos del estudio cinco familias de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de cáncer, totalizando doce personas. Los datos fueron recolectados en el domicilio, a través de entrevista en parejas o tríadas de miembros familiares, con la pregunta guía: "¿Cómo ha sido para ustedes la experiencia de vivenciar la enfermedad en la familia?" Las entrevistas transcriptas fueron analizadas siguiendo los pasos iniciales de la TFD y condujeron a las categorías conceptuales: “Descubriendo el cáncer”; “Enfrentando la enfermedad”; “Sufriendo las consecuencias” y “Superando los límites”, mostrando cómo la familia se reorganiza para superar las crisis. La comprensión de cómo la familia enfrenta los desafíos impuestos por el cáncer y desarrolla estrategias de enfrentamiento de las dificultades y orienta a la enfermería para un cuidado centrado en la familia.

Translated abstract

This work was based on the assumptions of the Symbolic Interactionism and the Data Based Theory, for the understanding of the experience of having a family member with cancer. Five families of adult patients diagnosed with cancer were submitted to the study, totalizing twelve people. Data were collected at home, interviewing two or three family members, using the guiding question "How has the experience of having this illness in the family?" The transcribed interviews were analyzed following the initial steps of the Data Based Theory and indicated the conceptual categories: “Being diagnosed with cancer”; “Facing the disease”; ”Suffering the consequences” and “Going over the limits”, showing how the family reorganizes itself to overcome the crises. Understanding how the family faces the challenge imposed by the disease, and how the members develops strategies to overcome difficulties, guides the nursing towards a kind of care focused on the family.

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The Discovery of Grounded Theory

Barney G. Glaser, Anselm L. Strauss (1967)

Most writing on sociological method has been concerned with how accurate facts can be obtained and how theory can thereby be more rigorously tested. In The Discovery of Grounded Theory, Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss address the equally Important enterprise of how the discovery of theory from data--systematically obtained and analyzed in social research--can be furthered. The discovery of theory from data--grounded theory--is a major task confronting sociology, for such a theory fits empirical situations, and is understandable to sociologists and laymen alike. Most important, it provides relevant predictions, explanations, interpretations, and applications.In Part I of the book, Generation Theory by Comparative Analysis, the authors present a strategy whereby sociologists can facilitate the discovery of grounded theory, both substantive and formal. This strategy involves the systematic choice and study of several comparison groups. In Part II, The Flexible Use of Data, the generation of theory from qualitative, especially documentary, and quantitative data Is considered. In Part III, Implications of Grounded Theory, Glaser and Strauss examine the credibility of grounded theory.The Discovery of Grounded Theory is directed toward improving social scientists' capacity for generating theory that will be relevant to their research. While aimed primarily at sociologists, it will be useful to anyone Interested In studying social phenomena--political, educational, economic, industrial-- especially If their studies are based on qualitative data.