Bisphenol A Analogues in Food and Their Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects: A Review

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Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. As BPA has recently come under pressure, it is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but data on the occurrence of these BPA analogues in food and human matrices are limited. The main objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPA and analogues and the associated health effects. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPA analogues may have an impact on human health, especially in terms of obesity and other adverse health effects in children.

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Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature.

Johanna Rochester (2013)

There is growing evidence that bisphenol A (BPA) may adversely affect humans. BPA is an endocrine disruptor that has been shown to be harmful in laboratory animal studies. Until recently, there were relatively few epidemiological studies examining the relationship between BPA and health effects in humans. However, in the last year, the number of these studies has more than doubled. A comprehensive literature search found 91 studies linking BPA to human health; 53 published within the last year. This review outlines this body of literature, showing associations between BPA exposure and adverse perinatal, childhood, and adult health outcomes, including reproductive and developmental effects, metabolic disease, and other health effects. These studies encompass both prenatal and postnatal exposures, and include several study designs and population types. While it is difficult to make causal links with epidemiological studies, the growing human literature correlating environmental BPA exposure to adverse effects in humans, along with laboratory studies in many species including primates, provides increasing support that environmental BPA exposure can be harmful to humans, especially in regards to behavioral and other effects in children. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Human exposure to bisphenol A.

F Kondo, Yoshiki Katayama, Ree-Hun Kang (2006)

Bisphenol A (BPA), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, is made by combining acetone and phenol. It has estrogenic activity and is acutely toxic to aquatic organisms. BPA is used mainly as a material for the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Due to an increase in products based on epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, human exposure to BPA has increased. The environment (aquatic environment, air and soil) can be one source of human BPA exposure, but the primary route of human exposure is foods. The daily human intake of BPA is <1 microg/kg body weight/day on the basis of several studies, and whether these doses can have an adverse endocrine disruptive effect on humans, especially fetuses, needs to be studied carefully.

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A new chapter in the bisphenol A story: bisphenol S and bisphenol F are not safe alternatives to this compound.

Soria Eladak, Tiphany Grisin, Delphine Moison … (2015)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely studied typical endocrine-disrupting chemical, and one of the major new issues is the safe replacement of this commonly used compound. Bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are already or are planned to be used as BPA alternatives. With the use of a culture system that we developed (fetal testis assay [FeTA]), we previously showed that 10 nmol/L BPA reduces basal testosterone secretion of human fetal testis explants and that the susceptibility to BPA is at least 100-fold lower in rat and mouse fetal testes. Here, we show that addition of LH in the FeTA system considerably enhances BPA minimum effective concentration in mouse and human but not in rat fetal testes. Then, using the FeTA system without LH (the experimental conditions in which mouse and human fetal testes are most sensitive to BPA), we found that, as for BPA, 10 nmol/L BPS or BPF is sufficient to decrease basal testosterone secretion by human fetal testes with often nonmonotonic dose-response curves. In fetal mouse testes, the dose-response curves were mostly monotonic and the minimum effective concentrations were 1,000 nmol/L for BPA and BPF and 100 nmol/L for BPS. Finally, 10,000 nmol/L BPA, BPS, or BPF reduced Insl3 expression in cultured mouse fetal testes. This is the first report describing BPS and BPF adverse effects on a physiologic function in humans and rodents.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutrients

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nutrients

Journal ID (publisher-id): nutrients

Title: Nutrients

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6643

Publication date (Electronic): 06 September 2019

Publication date Collection: September 2019

Volume: 11

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 2136

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain

[2 ]Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain

[3 ]Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

[4 ]Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology III, University of Granada, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain

[5 ]GENYO, Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain

[6 ]Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain

[7 ]Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18016, Granada, Spain

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: mjesusac@ 123456ugr.es ; Tel.: +34-958-715-500; Fax: +34-958-637-071

[†]

These authors have contributed equally to the work.

Author information

Margarita Aguilera https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-9787

Celia Monteagudo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-379X

Article

Publisher ID: nutrients-11-02136

DOI: 10.3390/nu11092136

PMC ID: 6769843

PubMed ID: 31500194

SO-VID: 2d3e3244-6662-452f-8aea-7feaa2b079af

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Bisphenol A Analogues in Food and Their Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects: A Review

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Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 92

Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature.

Human exposure to bisphenol A.

A new chapter in the bisphenol A story: bisphenol S and bisphenol F are not safe alternatives to this compound.

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