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      Introduction to the Optics and the Brain 2023 feature issue

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          Abstract

          A feature issue is being presented by a team of guest editors containing papers based on contributed submissions including studies presented at Optics and the Brain, held April 24-27, 2023 as part of Optica Biophotonics Congress: Optics in the Life Sciences, in Vancouver, Canada

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          Complete head cerebral sensitivity mapping for diffuse correlation spectroscopy using subject-specific magnetic resonance imaging models

          Melissa Wu, Katherine L. Perdue, Suk-Tak Chan … (2022)
          We characterize cerebral sensitivity across the entire adult human head for diffuse correlation spectroscopy, an optical technique increasingly used for bedside cerebral perfusion monitoring. Sixteen subject-specific magnetic resonance imaging-derived head models were used to identify high sensitivity regions by running Monte Carlo light propagation simulations at over eight hundred uniformly distributed locations on the head. Significant spatial variations in cerebral sensitivity, consistent across subjects, were found. We also identified correlates of such differences suitable for real-time assessment. These variations can be largely attributed to changes in extracerebral thickness and should be taken into account to optimize probe placement in experimental settings.
          Article 0 comments Cited 16 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Evaluation of the robustness of cerebral oximetry to variations in skin pigmentation using a tissue-simulating phantom

            Ali Afshari, Rolf B. Saager, David Burgos … (2022)
            Clinical studies have demonstrated that epidermal pigmentation level can affect cerebral oximetry measurements. To evaluate the robustness of these devices, we have developed a phantom-based test method that includes an epidermis-simulating layer with several melanin concentrations and a 3D-printed cerebrovascular module. Measurements were performed with neonatal, pediatric and adult sensors from two commercial oximeters, where neonatal probes had shorter source-detector separation distances. Referenced blood oxygenation levels ranged from 30 to 90%. Cerebral oximeter outputs exhibited a consistent decrease in saturation level with simulated melanin content; this effect was greatest at low saturation levels, producing a change of up to 15%. Dependence on pigmentation was strongest in a neonatal sensor, possibly due to its high reflectivity. Overall, our findings indicate that a modular channel-array phantom approach can provide a practical tool for assessing the impact of skin pigmentation on cerebral oximeter performance and that modifications to algorithms and/or instrumentation may be needed to mitigate pigmentation bias.
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              First-in-clinical application of a time-gated diffuse correlation spectroscopy system at 1064 nm using superconducting nanowire single photon detectors in a neuro intensive care unit

              Chien-Sing Poon, Dharminder S. Langri, Benjamin Rinehart … (2022)
              Recently proposed time-gated diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TG-DCS) has significant advantages compared to conventional continuous wave (CW)-DCS, but it is still in an early stage and clinical capability has yet to be established. The main challenge for TG-DCS is the lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when gating for the deeper traveling late photons. Longer wavelengths, such as 1064 nm have a smaller effective attenuation coefficient and a higher power threshold in humans, which significantly increases the SNR. Here, we demonstrate the clinical utility of TG-DCS at 1064 nm in a case study on a patient with severe traumatic brain injury admitted to the neuro-intensive care unit (neuroICU). We showed a significant correlation between TG-DCS early (ρ = 0.67) and late (ρ = 0.76) gated against invasive thermal diffusion flowmetry. We also analyzed TG-DCS at high temporal resolution (50 Hz) to elucidate pulsatile flow data. Overall, this study demonstrates the first clinical translation capability of the TG-DCS system at 1064 nm using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector.
              Article 0 comments Cited 12 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Opt Express
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Opt Express
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BOE
                Title: Biomedical Optics Express
                Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
                ISSN (Electronic): 2156-7085
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 March 2024
                Publication date Collection: 01 April 2024
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 2110-2113
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA
                [2 ]Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri, USA
                [3 ]Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
                [4 ]Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
                [5 ]Tech4Health Institute, NYU Langone Health , New York, New York 10010, USA
                [6 ]Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health , New York, New York 10017, USA
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9683-1949
                Article
                Publisher ID: 517678
                DOI: 10.1364/BOE.517678
                PMC ID: 11019680
                PubMed ID: 38633102
                SO-VID: 2d008c3d-1329-4a98-b839-01a9e2ce3ea8
                Copyright © © 2024 Optica Publishing Group
                License:

                https://doi.org/10.1364/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA

                © 2024 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

                History
                Date received : 02 January 2024
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences

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