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      Autopercepção e condições de saúde bucal em uma população de idosos Translated title: Self-perception and oral health conditions in an elderly population

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          Abstract

          Este estudo avaliou as condições de saúde bucal clinicamente e através da autopercepção. A amostra foi de 112 indivíduos com mais de 60 anos, residentes em Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil, dividida em G1 - sem acesso a tratamento odontológico conveniado (n = 55) e G2 - com acesso a tratamento odontológico conveniado (n = 57). Os exames clínicos seguiram critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A autopercepção foi avaliada usando o índice GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index). O CPO-D foi de 29,13, maior no G1 (p = 0,0091). A média de dentes presentes foi de 7,63, maior no G2 (p = 0,0131). As condições periodontais avaliadas apresentaram uma grande porcentagem de sextantes nulos (70,3%), sendo que o CPI apontou o cálculo como a maior prevalência, e o PIP, as bolsas até 3mm. A porcentagem de indivíduos edêntulos foi de 45,5%, maior no G1 (p = 0,0142). Dentre os edêntulos, 69,6% usavam próteses totais superiores, e 42,9%, inferiores. A média do GOHAI foi de 33,61, qualificando como positiva a percepção da saúde bucal e houve diferença apenas na dimensão física, com o maior valor no G2 (p = 0,0154). A autopercepção da saúde bucal foi satisfatória, o que não pôde ser confirmado com os dados clínicos obtidos nos grupos.

          Translated abstract

          This study assessed oral health conditions through clinical examination and self-perception. The sample consisted of 112 subjects 60 years of age or older in Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil, divided into two groups: G1, with dental insurance (n = 55) and G2, without dental insurance (n = 57). Clinical examinations were conducted according to WHO guidelines. Data on self-perceived oral health were collected using the GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index). DMFT was 29.13, higher in G1 (p = 0.0091). Mean number of teeth currently present in both groups was 7.63, higher in G2 (p = 0.0131). Periodontal conditions showed a high percentage of null sextants (70.3%), where CPI revealed higher prevalence for calculus and PIP for pockets up to 3mm. The percentage of edentulous subjects was 45.5%, higher in G1 (p = 0.0142). Among edentulous subjects, 69.6% wore complete upper dentures and 42.9% complete lower dentures. Mean GOHAI was 33.61, qualifying self-perceived oral health status as positive, and the only difference was in the physical dimension, where G2 showed higher values (p = 0.0154). Self-perceived oral health was considered satisfactory, but this was not confirmed by clinical data from the two groups.

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          Development of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index.

          The development of measures for assessing oral health status is essential to the evolution and maturation of a scientific knowledge base in geriatric dentistry. The literature suggests a high prevalence of dental diseases in older adults, yet valid and reliable instruments to assess the impact of oral diseases on older individuals or populations are lacking. This paper describes the rationale for and the development of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), a self-reported measure designed to assess the oral health problems of older adults. Following a review of the literature and consultation with health care providers and patients, a pilot instrument was developed. The GOHAI was initially tested on a convenience sample of 87 older adults. A revised instrument was then administered to a sample of 1755 Medicare recipients in Los Angeles County. The GOHAI demonstrated a high level of internal consistency and reliability as measured by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.79. Associations of the GOHAI with a single-item rating of dental health and with clinical and sociodemographic supported the construct validity of the index. Having fewer teeth, wearing a removable denture and perceiving the need for dental treatment were significantly related to a worse (lower) GOHAI score. Respondents who were white, well educated, and with a higher annual household income were more likely to have a high GOHAI score, indicating fewer dental problems. Additional applications of the GOHAI are necessary to further evaluate the instrument's validity and reliability, and to establish population norms of oral health in older adult populations as measured by the GOHAI.
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            How do age and tooth loss affect oral health impacts and quality of life? A study comparing two national samples.

            Age and loss of teeth can be expected to have a complex relationship with oral health-related quality of life. This study aimed to explain how age and tooth loss affect the impact of oral health on daily living using the short form, 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) on national population samples of dentate adults from the UK (1998 UK Adult Dental Health Survey) and Australia (1999 National Dental Telephone Interview Survey). After correcting for key covariables, increasing age was associated with better mean impact scores in both populations. Those aged 30-49 years in Australia showed the worst (highest) scores. In the UK, those aged under 30 showed the highest scores. In both countries, adults aged 70+ showed much better scores than the rest (P < 0.001). When corrected for age, the independent effect of tooth loss was that the worst scores were found where there were fewer than 17 natural teeth in the UK and fewer than 21 teeth in Australia. People with 25 or more teeth averaged much better scores than all other groups (P < 0.001), although there were differences in pattern between countries. When Australians were analysed by region of birth, the pattern of scores by tooth loss for British/Irish immigrants was strikingly similar to that for the UK sample. First-generation immigrants from elsewhere showed much worse overall scores and a profoundly different pattern to the Australian- and British-born groups. Age, number of teeth and cultural background are important variables influencing oral health-related quality of life.
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              Autopercepção das condições de saúde bucal por idosos

              OBJETIVO: Avaliar a autopercepção das condições de saúde bucal por idosos e analisar os fatores clínicos, subjetivos e sociodemográficos que interferem nessa percepção. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 201 pessoas, dentadas, com 60 anos ou mais, funcionalmente independentes, que freqüentavam um centro de saúde localizado em Araraquara, SP, Brasil. Foi aplicado questionário com questões sobre as características sociodemográficas da amostra, a autopercepção da condição bucal e o índice Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Realizou-se exame clínico para determinar a prevalência das principais doenças bucais. Foram usados testes estatísticos para determinar a associação das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e do índice GOHAI com a autopercepção da condição bucal e a identificação dos preditores da auto-avaliação. RESULTADOS: O exame clínico revelou grande prevalência das principais doenças bucais, apesar de 42,7% das pessoas avaliarem sua condição bucal como regular. As variáveis associadas à auto-avaliação foram: classe social, índice de GOHAI, dentes cariados e indicados para extração. A análise multivariada mostrou que os preditores da auto-avaliação foram o GOHAI, os dentes com extração indicada e o índice Community Periodontal Index and Treatment Needs. Esses preditores explicaram 30% da variabilidade da auto-avaliação. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a percepção da saúde bucal teve pouca influência nas condições clínicas, mostrando ser necessário desenvolver ações preventivas e educativas para a população.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                August 2005
                : 21
                : 4
                : 1251-1259
                Affiliations
                [01] Piracicaba orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Brasil
                Article
                S0102-311X2005000400028 S0102-311X(05)02100428
                2c723639-e74d-4809-8a82-1dfb1e4c9fe8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 January 2004
                : 04 March 2004
                : 16 December 2004
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                Saúde Bucal,Aged,Self-Concept,Oral Health,Idoso,Auto-Imagem
                Saúde Bucal, Aged, Self-Concept, Oral Health, Idoso, Auto-Imagem

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