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      Morphological and molecular characterization of Isostichopus sp. in the Colombian Caribbean sea Translated title: Caracterización morfológica y molecular de Isostichopus sp. en el mar Caribe Colombiano

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          Abstract

          Isostichopus sp. (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) are sea cucumbers widely distributed in the Caribbean Sea. Amongst them, Isostichopus badionotus is one of the most harvested species. It shows a wide range of morphotypes widespread in the Caribbean region including different habitats (muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, and sea grass beds). In Colombia, three morphotypes can be distinguished; two of them live in sea grass beds while the third one is found on rocky substrates. The present study describes the morphological characteristics of these morphotypes and analyzes their genetic structures through 16S rDNA and COI data. Our phylogenetic analyses show that the morphotype living on rocky substrates is morphologically and genetically distinct from the two other morphotypes and might not correspond to I. badionotus, the only species of the Isostichopus genus previously reported for this region.

          Translated abstract

          Isostichopus sp. (Aspidochirotida:Stichopodidae) son pepinos de mar ampliamente distribuidos en el mar Caribe. Entre ellos, Isostichopus badionotus es una de las especies mas cosechadas. Muestra un amplio rango de morfotipos extendidos en la region caribena, incluyendo diferentes habitats (fondos barrosos, arenosos y rocosos, y bancos de pastos marinos). En Colombia, se pueden distinguir tres morfotipos; dos de ellos viven en los bancos de pastos marinos mientras que el tercero se halla sobre sustratos rocosos. En el presente estudio se describen las caracteristicas morfologicas de esos morfotipos y se analizan sus estructuras geneticas mediante datos de 16S rDNA y COI. Nuestros analisis filogeneticos muestran que el morfotipo que vive sobre sustratos rocosos es morfologica y geneticamente distinto de los otros dos morfotipos y puede no corresponder a I. badionotus, la unica especie del genero Isostichopus previamente reportada para esta region.

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          Most cited references23

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          MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models.

          MrBayes 3 performs Bayesian phylogenetic analysis combining information from different data partitions or subsets evolving under different stochastic evolutionary models. This allows the user to analyze heterogeneous data sets consisting of different data types-e.g. morphological, nucleotide, and protein-and to explore a wide variety of structured models mixing partition-unique and shared parameters. The program employs MPI to parallelize Metropolis coupling on Macintosh or UNIX clusters.
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            The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools.

            CLUSTAL X is a new windows interface for the widely-used progressive multiple sequence alignment program CLUSTAL W. The new system is easy to use, providing an integrated system for performing multiple sequence and profile alignments and analysing the results. CLUSTAL X displays the sequence alignment in a window on the screen. A versatile sequence colouring scheme allows the user to highlight conserved features in the alignment. Pull-down menus provide all the options required for traditional multiple sequence and profile alignment. New features include: the ability to cut-and-paste sequences to change the order of the alignment, selection of a subset of the sequences to be realigned, and selection of a sub-range of the alignment to be realigned and inserted back into the original alignment. Alignment quality analysis can be performed and low-scoring segments or exceptional residues can be highlighted. Quality analysis and realignment of selected residue ranges provide the user with a powerful tool to improve and refine difficult alignments and to trap errors in input sequences. CLUSTAL X has been compiled on SUN Solaris, IRIX5.3 on Silicon Graphics, Digital UNIX on DECstations, Microsoft Windows (32 bit) for PCs, Linux ELF for x86 PCs, and Macintosh PowerMac.
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              Biological identifications through DNA barcodes.

              Although much biological research depends upon species diagnoses, taxonomic expertise is collapsing. We are convinced that the sole prospect for a sustainable identification capability lies in the construction of systems that employ DNA sequences as taxon 'barcodes'. We establish that the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) can serve as the core of a global bioidentification system for animals. First, we demonstrate that COI profiles, derived from the low-density sampling of higher taxonomic categories, ordinarily assign newly analysed taxa to the appropriate phylum or order. Second, we demonstrate that species-level assignments can be obtained by creating comprehensive COI profiles. A model COI profile, based upon the analysis of a single individual from each of 200 closely allied species of lepidopterans, was 100% successful in correctly identifying subsequent specimens. When fully developed, a COI identification system will provide a reliable, cost-effective and accessible solution to the current problem of species identification. Its assembly will also generate important new insights into the diversification of life and the rules of molecular evolution.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bag
                BAG. Journal of basic and applied genetics
                BAG, J. basic appl. genet.
                Sociedad Argentina de Genética (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1852-6233
                December 2018
                : 29
                : 2
                : 33-48
                Affiliations
                [01] Santa Marta orgnameUniversidad del Magdalena orgdiv1Fisheries Engineering Program orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Acuicultura Colombia
                [02] Santa Marta Magdalena orgnameUniversidad del Magdalena orgdiv1Biology Program orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Sistemática y Ecología Molecular
                [03] Mons orgnameLaboratoire de Biologie des organismes marins et Biomimétisme Belgique
                Article
                S1852-62332018000200004
                2c61eeff-8e74-45d8-8e3c-2481ac844338

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 July 2018
                : 07 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Isostichopus badionotus,COI,16S rDNA,Pepinos,Cucumbers
                Isostichopus badionotus, COI, 16S rDNA, Pepinos, Cucumbers

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