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      Global public-private partnerships: part I - a new development in health? Translated title: Partenariats mondiaux public-privé: partie I - un nouveau développement dans le domaine de la santé? Translated title: Fórmulas de asociación mundiales entre los sectores público y privado: parte I -¿un nuevo avance en el campo de la salud?

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          Abstract

          The proliferation of public-private partnerships is rapidly reconfiguring the international health landscape. This article (part I of two on the subject) traces the changing nature of partnership, and discusses the definitional and conceptual ambiguities surrounding the term. After defining global public-private partnerships (GPPPs) for health development, we analyse the factors which have led to the convergence of public and private actors and discuss the consequences of the trend toward partnership between UN agencies (including the World Bank) and commercial entities in the health sector. Generic factors such as globalization and disillusionment with the UN, and factors specific to the health sector, such as market failure in product development for orphan diseases, are examined. Reviewed are the interests, policies, practices and concerns of the UN, the private-for-profit sector, bilateral organizations, and governments of low-income countries with respect to public-private partnership. While GPPPs bring much needed resources to problems of international health, we highlight concerns regarding this new organizational format. Part II, which will be published in the May issue of the Bulletin, presents a conceptual framework for analysing health GPPPs and explores the issues raised.

          Translated abstract

          La prolifération des partenariats public-privé est en train de remodeler rapidement le paysage sanitaire international. Cette première partie d’un article en deux volets décrit la nature multiforme du partenariat et examine les ambiguïtés, tant sur le plan de la définition que sur le plan conceptuel, qui entourent ce terme. Après avoir défini les partenariats mondiaux public-privé (PMPP) en faveur du développement sanitaire, nous analysons les facteurs qui ont conduit au rapprochement des acteurs du secteur public et du secteur privé et nous examinons les conséquences de la tendance aux partenariats entre les organisations des Nations Unies (y compris la Banque mondiale) et des entités commerciales dans le secteur de la santé. Des facteurs génériques tels que la mondialisation et la désillusion vis-à-vis des Nations Unies, et des facteurs spécifiques au domaine de la santé, comme l’échec commercial du développement de produits contre les maladies rares, sont examinés. L’article passe en revue, dans l’optique des partenariats public-privé, les intérêts, politiques, pratiques et préoccupations des organisations des Nations Unies, des partenaires du secteur privé à but lucratif, des organisations bilatérales et des gouvernements des pays à faible revenu. Alors que les PMPP apportent des ressources bienvenues pour faire face aux problèmes de santé internationale, nous relevons un certain nombre de questions concernant ce nouveau type d’organisation. La partie II, qui sera publiée dans un prochain numéro du Bulletin, présentera un cadre conceptuel pour l’analyse des PMPP dans le domaine de la santé et examinera les problèmes qui pourraient se poser.

          Translated abstract

          La proliferación de formas de colaboración entre los sectores público y privado está reconfigurando rápidamente el panorama sanitario internacional. En este artículo (parte I de dos sobre el tema) se detalla la naturaleza cambiante de esas asociaciones y se analizan las ambigüedades definicionales y conceptuales que rodean esa expresión. Después de definir las fórmulas de asociación mundiales entre los sectores público y privado (FAMPP) para el desarrollo sanitario, analizamos los factores que propician la convergencia de los actores públicos y privados y examinamos las consecuencias de la tendencia hacia la formación de alianzas entre organismos de las Naciones Unidas (incluido el Banco Mundial) y entidades comerciales del sector sanitario. Se analizan factores genéricos como la globalización y las reacciones de decepción ante las Naciones Unidas, y factores específicos del sector de la salud, como los fallos del mercado en el desarrollo de productos ‘‘huérfanos’’. Se examinan los intereses, políticas, prácticas y preocupaciones de las Naciones Unidas, del sector privado con fines de lucro, de organizaciones bilaterales y de los gobiernos de paíes de bajos ingresos en relación con las FAMPP. Si bien éstas reportan recursos muy necesarios para abordar los problemas sanitarios internacionales, hemos destacado aquí varios aspectos de la nueva fórmula organizacional que suscitan preocupación. En la segunda parte del artículo, que se publicará en un futuro número del Bulletin, se presenta un marco conceptual para analizar las FAMPP para la salud y se examinan los problemas planteados.

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          The third way; the renewal of social democracy

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            Access to essential drugs in poor countries: a lost battle?

            Drugs offer a simple, cost-effective solution to many health problems, provided they are available, affordable, and properly used. However, effective treatment is lacking in poor countries for many diseases, including African trypanosomiasis, Shigella dysentery, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, and bacterial meningitis. Treatment may be precluded because no effective drug exists, it is too expensive, or it has been withdrawn from the market. Moreover, research and development in tropical diseases have come to a near standstill. This article focuses on the problems of access to quality drugs for the treatment of diseases that predominantly affect the developing world: (1) poor-quality and counterfeit drugs; (2) lack of availability of essential drugs due to fluctuating production or prohibitive cost; (3) need to develop field-based drug research to determine optimum utilization and remotivate research and development for new drugs for the developing world; and (4) potential consequences of recent World Trade Organization agreements on the availability of old and new drugs. These problems are not independent and unrelated but are a result of the fundamental nature of the pharmaceutical market and the way it is regulated.
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              The introduction of new vaccines into developing countries.

              The development and introduction of new vaccines is a costly and time consuming process. Unfortunately, those most in need--individuals in developing countries--are the last to receive these powerful disease preventing products. From the time a vaccine is first licensed in a developed country to the time most of the poor in developing countries have access to the vaccine can be 20-30 years. This delay is unacceptable. There is a great need to reduce this time span. This paper examines five ways of reducing the time span. Each of the five is essential and achieving success on all five will require a heightened level of international effort and coordination.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bwho
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                Bull World Health Organ
                World Health Organization (Genebra )
                0042-9686
                2000
                : 78
                : 4
                : 549-561
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Yale University USA
                [2 ] London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine United Kingdom
                Article
                S0042-96862000000400019
                2bbac8d9-6661-4e54-bb13-224d6a5d7f52

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0042-9686&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                private sector,United Nations,public policy,world health,intersectoral cooperation,public sector

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