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      Development of a Rapid and Efficient Protocol for Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment of Oryza coarctata

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          Abstract

          Seed germination is a critical and challenging process in the propagation of Oryza coarctata, a wild halophytic rice species. This protocol outlines the seed germination procedure for O. coarctata. All steps required for optimal germination and seedling establishment of O. coarctata in both sterile and soil-based systems are described in detail. Additionally, the protocol includes an analysis of the primary hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), involved in regulating seed dormancy and germination.

          Key features

          • This protocol provides detailed instructions for germinating Oryza coarctata and improving its germination rate.

          • The protocol enables the successful vegetative and reproductive growth of O. coarctata in soil.

          • Additionally, the protocol outlines the analysis of hormones (abscisic acid and gibberellin) that play key roles in the germination process.

          Graphical overview

          Protocol for germination, seedling development, and hormone analysis of Oryza coarctata seeds. Step-by-step instructions include germinating seeds on filter papers or sterile growing medium; the established seedlings can be grown in controlled environments or a greenhouse. Extraction and analysis of endogenous key hormones offer insights into their roles in controlling dormancy and germination.

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          Most cited references19

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          Plant hormone regulation of abiotic stress responses

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            On the biosynthesis and evolution of apocarotenoid plant growth regulators

            Carotenoids are an important source of metabolites with regulatory function, which include the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs), and several recently identified growth regulators and signaling molecules. These carotenoid-derivatives originate from oxidative breakdown of double bonds in the carotenoid polyene, a common metabolic process that gives rise to diverse carbonyl cleavage-products known as apocarotenoids. Apocarotenoids exert biologically important functions in all taxa. In plants, they are a major regulator of plant growth, development and response to biotic and abiotic environmental stimuli, and mediate plant's communication with surrounding organisms. In this article, we provide a general overview on the biology of plant apocarotenoids, focusing on ABA, SLs, and recently identified apocarotenoid growth regulators. Following an introduction on carotenoids, we describe plant apocarotenoid biosynthesis, signal transduction, and evolution and summarize their biological functions. Moreover, we discuss the evolution of these intriguing metabolites, which has not been adequately addressed in the literature.
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              An improved extraction method enables the comprehensive analysis of lipids, proteins, metabolites and phytohormones from a single sample of leaf tissue under water‐deficit stress

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Bio Protoc
                Bio Protoc
                Bio Protoc
                Bio-Protoc
                Bio-protocol
                Bio-Protocol (1075 Lorne Way, Sunnyvale, CA 94087, USA )
                2331-8325
                20 February 2025
                20 February 2025
                : 15
                : 4
                : e5203
                Affiliations
                [1 ]The BioActives Lab, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
                [2 ]Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
                [3 ]Center of Excellence for Sustainable Food Security, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                Article
                e5203 5203
                10.21769/BioProtoc.5203
                11865841
                2bb077d3-89eb-49f4-9c36-ec4729bcd06c
                ©Copyright : © 2025 The Authors; This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

                History
                : 15 October 2024
                : 23 December 2024
                : 25 December 2024
                Categories
                Methods Article
                Biology
                Clinical Protocols

                oryza coarctata,wild rice,germination,abscisic acid,gibberellin,seedlings

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