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      Adoptar los objetivos de la restauración ecológica como meta crucial al mitigar desechos mineros: una propuesta metodológica Translated title: Adopting Ecological Restoration Goals as a Critical Goal in Mining Tailings Mitigation: A Methodological Proposal

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: México presenta acumulaciones de materiales tóxicos e inestables desechados por la minería, llamados jales, representando un riesgo potencial y efectivo para los ecosistemas y la sociedad. La restauración ecológica en combinación con otras estrategias de mitigación ofrece una alternativa para disminuir estos impactos ambientales y revertir la degradación del ecosistema por los jales. Este trabajo plantea algunas consideraciones y propone una metodología para aplicar la restauración ecológica a los jales. Métodos: Se describieron las afectaciones y riesgos ocasionados por el depósito de jales a partir de las características de los materiales y del ecosistema donde se depositan, aplicando y adecuando criterios como los utilizados en la Evaluación del Impacto Ecológico. A partir de esto, se plantearon algunas consideraciones para mitigar los jales. También se analizaron las limitaciones de algunas técnicas de mitigación con organismos o materia orgánica, por sus impactos colaterales potenciales. Resultados clave: La propuesta metodológica considera acciones de mitigación de un jal que integren al ecosistema y su funcionamiento, dirigidos hacia una restauración ecosistémica. Por una parte, estos lineamientos consideran aspectos relacionados con la toxicidad y estabilidad de los jales y, por la otra, características y procesos ecosistémicos afectados por su depósito. Esta propuesta considera diez pasos que incorporan distintos aspectos que deben abordarse para la restauración en los depósitos de jales. Conclusiones: Mediante un enfoque ecosistémico, como en la restauración ecológica, se resuelven los problemas ambientales de contaminación e inestabilidad de los jales. Evitando también los impactos colaterales de las propias estrategias de mitigación como la creación de trampas ecológicas o haciendo biodisponibles los contaminantes, introduciéndolos a la cadena trófica sin compensar los impactos ecosistémicos provocados por su depósito.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Background and Aims: In Mexico there are accumulations of toxic and unstable materials discarded by mining, called tailings, which represent a potential and effective risk for ecosystems and society. Ecological restoration in combination with other mitigation strategies offer an alternative to mitigate these environmental impacts and reverse the ecosystem degradation caused by tailings. This work raises some considerations and proposes a methodology to apply the ecological restoration to tailings. Methods: The effects and risks caused by the deposit of tailings in the open pit were described based on the characteristics of the materials and the ecosystem in which they are deposited, applying and adapting criteria such as those used in the Evaluation of the Ecological Impact. Based on this, some guidelines and considerations were proposed to mitigate tailings. The limitations of some mitigation techniques with organisms or organic matter were also analyzed, due to their potential collateral impacts. Key results: The methodological proposal considers actions to mitigate a mining tailing that integrate the ecosystem and its functioning, directed towards an ecosystem restoration. On the one hand, these guidelines consider aspects related to the toxicity and stability of tailings and, on the other hand, the characteristics and ecosystem processes affected by their deposit. This proposal considers ten steps that incorporate different aspects that must be addressed to achieve restoration in tailings deposits. Conclusions: Through an ecosystem approach, as in ecological restoration, the environmental problems of contamination and instability of the tailings are solved. Also avoiding the collateral impacts of the mitigation strategies themselves, such as the creation of ecological traps or making contaminants bioavailable, introducing them into the food chain without compensating for the ecosystem impacts caused by their deposit.

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          Phytoremediation of heavy metals--concepts and applications.

          The mobilization of heavy metals by man through extraction from ores and processing for different applications has led to the release of these elements into the environment. Since heavy metals are nonbiodegradable, they accumulate in the environment and subsequently contaminate the food chain. This contamination poses a risk to environmental and human health. Some heavy metals are carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and endocrine disruptors while others cause neurological and behavioral changes especially in children. Thus remediation of heavy metal pollution deserves due attention. Different physical and chemical methods used for this purpose suffer from serious limitations like high cost, intensive labor, alteration of soil properties and disturbance of soil native microflora. In contrast, phytoremediation is a better solution to the problem. Phytoremediation is the use of plants and associated soil microbes to reduce the concentrations or toxic effects of contaminants in the environments. It is a relatively recent technology and is perceived as cost-effective, efficient, novel, eco-friendly, and solar-driven technology with good public acceptance. Phytoremediation is an area of active current research. New efficient metal hyperaccumulators are being explored for applications in phytoremediation and phytomining. Molecular tools are being used to better understand the mechanisms of metal uptake, translocation, sequestration and tolerance in plants. This review article comprehensively discusses the background, concepts and future trends in phytoremediation of heavy metals. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Impacts of biological invasions: what's what and the way forward.

            Study of the impacts of biological invasions, a pervasive component of global change, has generated remarkable understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of the spread of introduced populations. The growing field of invasion science, poised at a crossroads where ecology, social sciences, resource management, and public perception meet, is increasingly exposed to critical scrutiny from several perspectives. Although the rate of biological invasions, elucidation of their consequences, and knowledge about mitigation are growing rapidly, the very need for invasion science is disputed. Here, we highlight recent progress in understanding invasion impacts and management, and discuss the challenges that the discipline faces in its science and interactions with society. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Ecosystem Consequences of Biological Invasions

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abm
                Acta botánica mexicana
                Act. Bot. Mex
                Instituto de Ecología A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío (Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico )
                0187-7151
                2448-7589
                2022
                : 129
                : e2019
                Affiliations
                [1] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC) México
                Article
                S0187-71512022000100509 S0187-7151(22)00012900509
                10.21829/abm129.2022.2019
                2b55a617-880a-4f9f-be27-ab3c24e68dd9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 February 2022
                : 15 November 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 235, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Sección Especial Restauración

                metales pesados,mining tailings,heavy metals,ecological trap,ecosystem restoration,collateral effects,trampa ecológica,restauración de ecosistemas,jales,efectos colaterales

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