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      On the stress potential of videoconferencing: definition and root causes of Zoom fatigue

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          Abstract

          As a consequence of lockdowns due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the resulting restricted social mobility, several billion people worldwide have recently had to replace physical face-to-face communication with computer-mediated interaction. Notably, the adoption rates of videoconferencing increased significantly in 2020, predominantly because videoconferencing resembles face-to-face interaction. Tools such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Cisco Webex are used by hundreds of millions of people today. Videoconferencing may bring benefits (e.g., saving of travel costs, preservation of environment). However, prolonged and inappropriate use of videoconferencing may also have an enormous stress potential. A new phenomenon and term emerged, Zoom fatigue, a synonym for videoconference fatigue. This paper develops a definition for Zoom fatigue and presents a conceptual framework that explores the major root causes of videoconferencing fatigue and stress. The development of the framework draws upon media naturalness theory and its underlying theorizing is based on research published across various scientific fields, including the disciplines of both behavioral science and neuroscience. Based on this theoretical foundation, hypotheses are outlined. Moreover, implications for research and practice are discussed.

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          Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease.

          In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems. This eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed back on the brain and bind to two types of nuclear receptor that act as transcriptional regulators. By targeting many genes, corticosteroids function in a binary fashion, and serve as a master switch in the control of neuronal and network responses that underlie behavioural adaptation. In genetically predisposed individuals, an imbalance in this binary control mechanism can introduce a bias towards stress-related brain disease after adverse experiences. New candidate susceptibility genes that serve as markers for the prediction of vulnerable phenotypes are now being identified.
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            Stress and disorders of the stress system.

            All organisms must maintain a complex dynamic equilibrium, or homeostasis, which is constantly challenged by internal or external adverse forces termed stressors. Stress occurs when homeostasis is threatened or perceived to be so; homeostasis is re-established by various physiological and behavioral adaptive responses. Neuroendocrine hormones have major roles in the regulation of both basal homeostasis and responses to threats, and are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by dyshomeostasis or cacostasis. The stress response is mediated by the stress system, partly located in the central nervous system and partly in peripheral organs. The central, greatly interconnected effectors of this system include the hypothalamic hormones arginine vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing hormone and pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides, and the locus ceruleus and autonomic norepinephrine centers in the brainstem. Targets of these effectors include the executive and/or cognitive, reward and fear systems, the wake-sleep centers of the brain, the growth, reproductive and thyroid hormone axes, and the gastrointestinal, cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and immune systems. Optimal basal activity and responsiveness of the stress system is essential for a sense of well-being, successful performance of tasks, and appropriate social interactions. By contrast, excessive or inadequate basal activity and responsiveness of this system might impair development, growth and body composition, and lead to a host of behavioral and somatic pathological conditions.
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              Technostress: Technological Antecedents and Implications

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                rene.riedl@fh-steyr.at
                Journal
                Electron Markets
                Electronic Markets
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                1019-6781
                1422-8890
                6 December 2021
                6 December 2021
                : 1-25
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.425174.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0521 8674, School of Business and Management, Digital Business, , University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, ; Wehrgrabengasse 1-3, 4400 Steyr, Austria
                [2 ]GRID grid.9970.7, ISNI 0000 0001 1941 5140, Institute of Business Informatics – Information Engineering, , Johannes Kepler University Linz, ; Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, 4040 Austria
                Author notes

                Responsible Editor: Thomas Hess

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2468-5860
                Article
                501
                10.1007/s12525-021-00501-3
                8645680
                35600914
                2b35567c-23be-4720-ae9c-df210a0675d1
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 6 May 2021
                : 15 September 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002428, Austrian Science Fund;
                Award ID: FWF - Austrian Science Fund: P 30865 Einzelprojekte
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria
                Categories
                Research Paper

                zoom fatigue,videoconference stress,videoconference fatigue,technostress,media naturalness theory,neurois,home office,m1,i12,o3

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