In a green frame of mind: perspectives on the behavioural ecology and cognitive nature of plants

Abstract

It is increasingly recognized that plants are highly sensitive organisms able to perceive, assess, learn, remember, resolve problems, make decisions and communicate with each other by actively acquiring information from their environment. If plants so efficiently control the way they interact and behave in their environment, would it be appropriate to say that they have a mind of their own? In this paper, I propose that the time is ripe for asking this and related questions about the mind of plants and suggest how we may venture into this unexplored mindscape.

Abstract

It is increasingly recognized that plants are highly sensitive organisms that perceive, assess, learn, remember, resolve problems, make decisions and communicate with each other by actively acquiring information from their environment. However, the fact that many of the sophisticated behaviours plants exhibit reveal cognitive competences, which are generally attributed to humans and some non-human animals, has remained unappreciated. Here, I will outline the theoretical barriers that have precluded the opportunity to experimentally test such behavioural/cognitive phenomena in plants. I will then suggest concrete alternative approaches to cognition by highlighting how (i) the environment offers a multitude of opportunities for decision-making and action and makes behaviours possible, rather than causing them; (ii) perception in itself is action in the form of a continuous flow of information; (iii) all living organisms viewed within this context become agents endowed with autonomy rather than objects in a mechanistically conceived world. These viewpoints, combined with recent evidence, may contribute to move the entire field towards an integrated study of cognitive biology.