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      Immunopositivity for Siglec-15 in gastric cancer and its association with clinical and pathological parameters

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          Abstract

          The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin Siglec-15 is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy in several tumor types. The present study aimed to investigate Siglec-15 expression in gastric cancer (GC) patient tissues and to evaluate its clinical value. Siglec-15 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 71 patients. Siglec-15 staining was observed in tumor cells of 53 (74.64%) patients, with significant association with histologic classification and angiolymphatic invasion (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis also detected Siglec-15 in tumor-associated stroma cells (macrophages/myeloid cells). There was no significant association with outcome parameters. Siglec-15 expression in well differentiated histological GC tissues and in the tumor microenvironment are potential targets to be further investigated as a novel prognostic factor for GC.

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          Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries

          Ahmedin Jemal, Lindsey A Torre, Rebecca Siegel … (2018)
          This article provides a status report on the global burden of cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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            Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma

            Adam J. Bass, Vesteinn Thorsson, Ilya Shmulevich … (2015)
            Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but analysis of its molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by histological and aetiological heterogeneity. Here we describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into four subtypes: tumours positive for Epstein–Barr virus, which display recurrent PIK3CA mutations, extreme DNA hypermethylation, and amplification of JAK2, CD274 (also known as PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (also knownasPD-L2); microsatellite unstable tumours, which show elevated mutation rates, including mutations of genes encoding targetable oncogenic signalling proteins; genomically stable tumours, which are enriched for the diffuse histological variant and mutations of RHOA or fusions involving RHO-family GTPase-activating proteins; and tumours with chromosomal instability, which show marked aneuploidy and focal amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification of these subtypes provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies.
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              Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in The Cancer Genome Atlas

              Yuexin Liu, Ilya Shmulevich, Kalle Leinonen … (2018)
              Genetic alterations in signaling pathways that control cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and cell growth are common hallmarks of cancer, but the extent, mechanisms, and co-occurrence of alterations in these pathways differ between individual tumors and tumor types. Using mutations, copy-number changes, mRNA expression, gene fusions and DNA methylation in 9,125 tumors profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we analyzed the mechanisms and patterns of somatic alterations in 10 canonical pathways: cell cycle, Hippo, Myc, Notch, NRF2, PI-3-Kinase/Akt, RTK-RAS, TGFβ signaling, P53 and β-catenin/WNT. We charted the detailed landscape of pathway alterations in 33 cancer types, stratified into 64 subtypes, and identified patterns of co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity. Eighty-nine percent of tumors had at least one driver alteration in these pathways, and 57% percent of tumors had at least one alteration potentially targetable by currently available drugs. Thirty percent of tumors had multiple targetable alterations, indicating opportunities for combination therapy. An integrated analysis of genetic alterations in 10 signaling pathways in >9,000 tumors profiled by TCGA highlights significant representation of individual and co-occurring actionable alterations in these pathways, suggesting opportunities for targeted and combination therapies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur J Histochem
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EJH
                Title: European Journal of Histochemistry : EJH
                Publisher: PAGEPress Publications, Pavia, Italy
                ISSN (Print): 1121-760X
                ISSN (Electronic): 2038-8306
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 March 2021
                Publication date Collection: 20 January 2021
                Volume: 65
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 3174
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas – LINAT / Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino - NUPIT SG, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife
                [2 ]Hospital do Câncer de Pernambuco - HCP , Recife PE, Brazil
                Author notes
                Laboratorio de Imunomodulacao e Novas Abordagens Terapeuticas (LINAT), Nucleo de Pesquisa em Inovacao Terapeutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil. moacyr.rego@ 123456gmail.com

                Contributions: All the authors made a substantive intellectual contribution. All the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

                Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests, and all authors confirm accuracy.

                Availability of data and materials: The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

                Ethical Approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the Human Ethics Committee of the Hospital do Cancer de Pernambuco (HCP) (CAAE: 39976214.90000.5205).

                Article
                DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3174
                PMC ID: 7967265
                PubMed ID: 33666065
                SO-VID: 29f27194-49fe-4b5f-88b1-7506a5464a79
                Copyright © ©Copyright: the Author(s)
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

                History
                Date received : 23 August 2020
                Date accepted : 09 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 7
                Funding
                Funding: The authors thank CNPq, CAPES and FACEPE for financial support.
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical chemistry
                Keywords: siglec,sialic acid,immunohistochemistry,clinical-pathological analyses
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical chemistry
                Keywords: siglec, sialic acid, immunohistochemistry, clinical-pathological analyses

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