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      Promotion of posttraumatic stress disorder following traumatic birth experiences and the influence of maternity religious Attitude: A correlational study

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND:

          Women who experience stillbirth and preterm delivery are likely to be associated with an increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to women with live births and dose religious attitude related to posttraumatic stress? The aim of the study was promotion PTSD following traumatic birth experiences and the influence of maternity religious Attitude.

          MATERIALSAND METHODS:

          A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at selected hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences on 82 subjects in 2018. The instruments were demographic questionnaire, Religious Attitude questionnaire, and Mississippi PTSD Scale which were completed after delivery. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22, using the Pearson correlation test.

          RESULTS:

          About 75% stillbirth group and 65% of the preterm delivery group had a high level of religious attitude. In the stillbirth group, 90% had high levels of PTSD and in the preterm delivery group, 90% had moderate stress, and 10% had high PTSD levels. The correlation between religious attitude and PTSD after stillbirth was 0.373 with a significance level of 0.018. Therefore, there was a significant positive relationship between religious attitude and PTSD. However, the relationship between religious attitude and PTSD after preterm delivery was not statistically significant ( P = 0.158).

          CONCLUSION:

          PTSD was significantly higher in mothers with stillbirth and had a significant relationship with religious attitude. However, in mothers of preterm infants, the level of stress was moderate and did not have a significant relationship with religious attitude. The findings indicate the need of mothers for interventions to cope better with the physical and psychological problems of stillbirth and preterm delivery.

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          Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030

          Joy E. Lawn, Hannah Blencowe, Peter Waiswa … (2016)
          An estimated 2.6 million third trimester stillbirths occurred in 2015 (uncertainty range 2.4-3.0 million). The number of stillbirths has reduced more slowly than has maternal mortality or mortality in children younger than 5 years, which were explicitly targeted in the Millennium Development Goals. The Every Newborn Action Plan has the target of 12 or fewer stillbirths per 1000 births in every country by 2030. 94 mainly high-income countries and upper middle-income countries have already met this target, although with noticeable disparities. At least 56 countries, particularly in Africa and in areas affected by conflict, will have to more than double present progress to reach this target. Most (98%) stillbirths are in low-income and middle-income countries. Improved care at birth is essential to prevent 1.3 million (uncertainty range 1.2-1.6 million) intrapartum stillbirths, end preventable maternal and neonatal deaths, and improve child development. Estimates for stillbirth causation are impeded by various classification systems, but for 18 countries with reliable data, congenital abnormalities account for a median of only 7.4% of stillbirths. Many disorders associated with stillbirths are potentially modifiable and often coexist, such as maternal infections (population attributable fraction: malaria 8.0% and syphilis 7.7%), non-communicable diseases, nutrition and lifestyle factors (each about 10%), and maternal age older than 35 years (6.7%). Prolonged pregnancies contribute to 14.0% of stillbirths. Causal pathways for stillbirth frequently involve impaired placental function, either with fetal growth restriction or preterm labour, or both. Two-thirds of newborns have their births registered. However, less than 5% of neonatal deaths and even fewer stillbirths have death registration. Records and registrations of all births, stillbirths, neonatal, and maternal deaths in a health facility would substantially increase data availability. Improved data alone will not save lives but provide a way to target interventions to reach more than 7000 women every day worldwide who experience the reality of stillbirth.
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            Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (1 of 7): definitions, description of the burden and opportunities to improve data

            Joy E. Lawn, Michael G. Gravett, Toni Nunes … (2010)
            Introduction This is the first of seven articles from a preterm birth and stillbirth report. Presented here is an overview of the burden, an assessment of the quality of current estimates, review of trends, and recommendations to improve data. Preterm birth Few countries have reliable national preterm birth prevalence data. Globally, an estimated 13 million babies are born before 37 completed weeks of gestation annually. Rates are generally highest in low- and middle-income countries, and increasing in some middle- and high-income countries, particularly the Americas. Preterm birth is the leading direct cause of neonatal death (27%); more than one million preterm newborns die annually. Preterm birth is also the dominant risk factor for neonatal mortality, particularly for deaths due to infections. Long-term impairment is an increasing issue. Stillbirth Stillbirths are currently not included in Millennium Development Goal tracking and remain invisible in global policies. For international comparisons, stillbirths include late fetal deaths weighing more than 1000g or occurring after 28 weeks gestation. Only about 2% of all stillbirths are counted through vital registration and global estimates are based on household surveys or modelling. Two global estimation exercises reached a similar estimate of around three million annually; 99% occur in low- and middle-income countries. One million stillbirths occur during birth. Global stillbirth cause-of-death estimates are impeded by multiple, complex classification systems. Recommendations to improve data (1) increase the capture and quality of pregnancy outcome data through household surveys, the main data source for countries with 75% of the global burden; (2) increase compliance with standard definitions of gestational age and stillbirth in routine data collection systems; (3) strengthen existing data collection mechanisms—especially vital registration and facility data—by instituting a standard death certificate for stillbirth and neonatal death linked to revised International Classification of Diseases coding; (4) validate a simple, standardized classification system for stillbirth cause-of-death; and (5) improve systems and tools to capture acute morbidity and long-term impairment outcomes following preterm birth. Conclusion Lack of adequate data hampers visibility, effective policies, and research. Immediate opportunities exist to improve data tracking and reduce the burden of preterm birth and stillbirth.
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              The effects of maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during pregnancy on preterm birth: A systematic review.

              Aleksandra Staneva, Fiona Bogossian, Margo Pritchard … (2015)
              Experiencing psychological distress such as depression, anxiety, and/or perceived stress during pregnancy may increase the risk for adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth. Clarifying the association between exposure and outcome may improve the understanding of risk factors for prematurity and guide future clinical and research practices.
              Article 0 comments Cited 210 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Educ Health Promot
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Educ Health Promot
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JEHP
                Title: Journal of Education and Health Promotion
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2277-9531
                ISSN (Electronic): 2319-6440
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 October 2021
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 385
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [1 ] Department of Midwifery, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [2 ] Department of Midwifery, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Mrs. Marzieh Akbarzadeh, Department of Midwifery, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail: akbarzadm@ 123456sums.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: JEHP-10-385
                DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_924_20
                PMC ID: 8641706
                SO-VID: 29712c65-51ea-43e4-b321-69819b789f30
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Education and Health Promotion
                License:

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 21 August 2020
                Date accepted : 15 March 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: attitude,posttraumatic stress,preterm delivery,religious,stillbirth
                Data availability:
                Keywords: attitude, posttraumatic stress, preterm delivery, religious, stillbirth

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