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      Comparación de la castración quirúrgica al nacimiento versus inmunocastration sobre las características de la canal y carne en machos Holstein Translated title: Comparison of surgical castration at birth versus immunocastration on carcass and meat traits in growing Holstein males

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          Abstract

          Resumen El objetivo fue comparar el efecto de la castración quirúrgica al nacimiento vs immunocastración, sobre las características de la canal y carne en machos Holstein en engorda; se utilizaron 720 machos Holstein aproximadamente de 7 a 8 meses de edad con peso inicial de 240.82 kg. Se formaron 2 tratamientos con 4 corrales de 90 animales en cada uno: toros castrados quirúrgicamente que fueron castrados 24 h después del nacimiento y toros inmunocastrados vacunados con Bopriva aplicando cuatro dosis, al día 1, 21, 101 y 181 de engorda. Se tomaron pesos individuales en cada vacunación. Los animales se sacrificaron a los 242 días de engorda. A partir de la segunda vacunación se observaron diferencias (P<0.05) en pesos, presentando valores mas altos los animales castrados quirúrgicamente. El peso final al sacrificio, peso de la canal caliente, peso de la canal fría, espesor de grasa dorsal y área del ojo de la costilla fueron diferentes (P<0.05) entre tratamientos, observando valores más altos en los machos castrados quirúrgicamente. En la carne, el pH y EC fueron similares (P>0.05) entre tratamientos mientras que los valores de b*, C* y H* fueron más altos (P<0.05) en los animales inmunocastrados. Para fines de producción, el sacrificar los machos Holstein al nacimiento, se obtienen animales más pesados y con mejores características en la canal; sin embargo es importante evaluar el impacto del bienestar animal por la castración al nacimiento.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Castration of male cattle affects carcass and meat traits. An evaluation was done of the effect of surgical castration at birth and immunocastration on carcass and meat traits in 7-8-mo-old male Holstein calves (average weight= 240.8 kg). Animals in the surgical castration treatment were castrated 24 h after birth, while those in the immunocastration treatment were administered doses of the Bopriva vaccine at 1, 21, 101 and 181 d of growth. Live weight was recorded in both groups at 21, 101 and 181 d, and carcass and meat traits were quantified after slaughter. The surgically-castrated animals exhibited higher average weight (P<0.05), and higher weight at slaughter. Cold carcass weight, hot carcass weight, ribeye area and subcutaneous fat thickness were all higher in the surgically-castrated animals (P<0.05). No differences between treatments were found in meat pH and sheer force (P>0.05), but the b*, C* and H* values were higher in the IC animals (P<0.05). Castration at birth resulted in better average carcass weight and meat traits than immunocastration, but animal welfare must be considered when using surgical castration.

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          Consumer evaluation of beef of known categories of tenderness.

          A study was conducted to determine consumer perceptions of beef top loin steaks of known shear force and to evaluate how buying trends were modified by the tenderness and price variations of these steaks. Strip loins were cut into a 2.54-cm-thick steaks, and the center steak from each strip loin was used to determine Warner-Bratzler shear force. The remaining steaks were placed into one of the following shear force categories based on that shear force and color-coded accordingly: 1) 2.27 to 3.58 kg (Red); 2) 4.08 to 5.40 kg (White); and 3) 5.90 to 7.21 kg (Blue). Randomly recruited consumers were allowed to evaluate steaks and then purchase steaks based on their findings. A $1.10/kg price difference was placed between each category. Results of the analysis indicated that consumers were able to differentiate between the three categories of tenderness (P < .05). In addition, consumers gave higher (P < .05) juiciness and flavor ratings to Red steaks than to Blue steaks. Overall satisfaction was higher (P < .05) for Red steaks than for the other two categories of steaks. The following percentages of steaks were purchased: 1) Red, 94.6%; 2) White, 3.6%; and 3) Blue, 1.8%. These results suggest that consumers could discern between categories of tenderness and were willing to pay a premium for improved tenderness.
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            Relationships among glycolytic potential, dark cutting (dark, firm, and dry) beef, and cooked beef palatability.

            One hundred beef carcasses were selected at three packing plants and were used to determine the relationship between glycolytic potential (GP) and dark, firm, and dry (DFD) beef and to determine the effects of DFD status and GP on cooked beef palatability. Eight individual muscles were excised from one hindquarter of each carcass at d 7 postmortem: longissimus lumborum, psoas major, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. Ultimate pH, colorimeter readings, and Warner-Bratzler shear force were determined for all eight muscles at d 7 postmortem. A nine-member trained sensory panel evaluated cooked longissimus lumborum, gluteus medius, and semimembranosus steaks. Traits determined solely for the longissimus lumborum were GP (2 x [glycogen + glucose + glucose-6-phosphate] + lactate) and ether-extractable fat. A curvilinear relationship existed between GP and ultimate pH within the longissimus muscle. There appeared to be a GP threshold at approximately 100 micromol/g, below which lower GP was associated with higher ultimate pH and above which GP had no effect on ultimate pH. The greatest pH and muscle color differences between normal and DFD carcasses were observed in the longissimus lumborum, gluteus medius, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles. Cooked longissimus from DFD carcasses had higher shear force values (46% greater) and more shear force variation (2.3 times greater variation) than those from normal carcasses. Dark cutting carcasses also had higher shear force values for gluteus medius (33% greater) and semimembranosus (36% greater) than normal carcasses. Sensory panel tenderness of longissimus, gluteus medius, and semimembranosus was lower for DFD carcasses than for normal carcasses. Longissimus and gluteus medius flavor desirability scores were lower for DFD than for normal carcasses. Steaks from DFD carcasses had more off-flavor comments than steaks from normal carcasses, specifically more "peanutty," "sour," and "bitter" flavors. The DFD effect of higher shear force values was approximately five times greater (+3.11 kg vs +0.63 kg) for carcasses with "slight" marbling scores than for carcasses with "small" marbling scores. In general, higher GP was associated with increased tenderness, even among normal carcasses. In conclusion, low GP was associated with DFD beef and resulted in substantially less-palatable cooked steaks.
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              Immunization against GnRH in male species (comparative aspects).

              Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was recognized in the 1970s as a potential means by which the reproductive system of mammals might be shut down for various practical and clinical reasons. Numerous studies in males have been performed since that time to determine the applicability of the technique as an alternative to surgical removal of the testes. Reasons for such immunocastration include improvement of meat and carcass characteristics for cattle, sheep, goats, and swine; improvement in feed efficiency relative to castrates in those same species; reduction in male aggressive behavior; reduction in male-associated odors in goats and swine; and fertility neutralization in pet species. Although application as a fertility control agent in men is unlikely, there is renewed interest in active immunization against GnRH as a means of treating prostate cancers and related steroid-dependent pathologies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmcp
                Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias
                Rev. mex. de cienc. pecuarias
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico )
                2007-1124
                2448-6698
                June 2020
                : 11
                : 2
                : 455-467
                Affiliations
                [1] Mexicali orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Baja California orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias Mexico
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Sinaloa orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Mexico
                [3] Baja California orgnameGanadera Mexicali, S.A. de C.V México
                Article
                S2007-11242020000200455 S2007-1124(20)01100200455
                10.22319/rmcp.v11i2.4885
                293d6f16-41b3-4081-b225-7ee7cf13f930

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 April 2019
                : 07 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                Evaluación de la canal,Holstein males,Inmunocastration,Carcass evaluation,Inmunocastración,Machos Holstein

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