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      Validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Tinetti para población colombiana Translated title: Validity and reliability of Tinetti Scale for Colombian people

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          Abstract

          Introducción: Las caídas, son el cuarto síndrome geriátrico con mayor prevalencia, incrementan la morbilidad y la mortalidad, disminuyen la funcionalidad, y aumentan prematuramente el Fiabilidad. Ingreso a los hogares geriátricos. Las alteraciones de la marcha y el equilibrio son los principales factores que las generan, con un rango de valores ajustados de riesgo relativo entre 1.2-2.2 y 1.2-2.4, respectivamente. La escala de Tinetti de marcha y equilibrio ha demostrado ser una herramienta válida y confiable para la evaluación de la movilidad (r 0.74-0.93), además, tiene una alta fiabilidad inter-observador (0.95). Objetivo: Validar la Escala de Tinetti, a partir de su versión original, para el uso en población colombiana. Materiales y métodos: La escala de Tinetti en su versión en español fue aplicada por dos evaluadores a 90 adultos mayores, residentes de tres instituciones geriátricas de la ciudad de Medellín y dos municipios del Valle de Aburrá con diferentes grados de funcionalidad en la marcha y en el equilibrio. Posteriormente, se realizó la validación de contenido, constructo y criterio, así como fiabilidad inter e intraobservador. Resultados: La validez de contenido, sugiere la reestructuración de los ítems del dominio del equilibrio con un alfa de Cronbach de 0.95 y una varianza de 13.89; en la validez de constructo, en 46 de las 48 respuestas de la escala se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la capacidad de detectar cambios en un grupo sin alteraciones en la marcha y el equilibrio (sanos) comparado con el grupo con alteraciones (enfermos); la validez de criterio concurrente logró una alta correlación r:-0.82 con el test "Timed up and go". La fiabilidad inter e intraobservador obtuvo un Kappa ponderado de 0.4 a 0.6 y 0.6 a 0.8, respectivamente; el alpha de Cronbach fue de 0.91. Conclusiones: La escala de Tinetti es válida y confiable para utilizarla en adultos mayores en Colombia

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Falls are the fourth most prevalent geriatric syndrome which diminishes body functionality and increases morbidity, mortality, and early admission to nursing homes. Gait and postural balance alterations are the main generating factors with Risk Relative from 1.9 to 6-6 and from 1.2 to 2.2 respectively. The Tinetti Balance and Gait Assessment Scale has proved to be a valid and reliable tool to evaluate mobility (r 0.74 - 0.93) and also has high inter-observer reliability (0.95). Objective: To validate the Tinetti Scale for its use in Colombian population, starting from its original version. Materials and Methods: The Spanish version of the Tinetti Scale was applied by two evaluators to 90 elderly persons with different degrees of gait and balance functionality. All of the evaluated live in nursing homes located three in Medellin and two municipalities of the Aburrá Valley. Subsequently performed the statistical process of validation and reliability. Results: The content validity suggests the re-structuring of the items in the domain of equilibrium with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.948 and a variance of 13,894, in the construct validity, 46 of the 48 responses of the scale differences statistically significant in the ability to detect changes in a group without alterations in gait and balance (healthy) and a group with these conditions (sick); the concurrent validity had a high correlation r = -0.82 with Timed up and go. The inter and intra- rater reliability was between 0.4 to 0.6 and 0.6 to 0.8, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. Conclusions: The Tinetti Scale is valid and reliable for its use in Colombian population. Exploratory analysis of the validity of content suggests a restructuring of the scale items in one domain, since it represents a larger number of factors.

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          Falls incidence, risk factors, and consequences in Chinese older people: a systematic review.

          Falls incidence in Chinese older people has been reported to be approximately half that of Caucasian populations. It is possible that the falls risk factor profile may differ significantly between Caucasian and Chinese populations, and a better understanding of this reported difference in incidence and associated risk factors may influence potential approaches to future intervention. A systematic literature review was conducted using the EMBase, Medline, Chinese Electronic Periodical Services, and WanFangdata databases to collate and evaluate the studies that have addressed the incidence and risk factors for falls in Chinese older people. Twenty-one studies conducted in China, Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, and Taiwan met the inclusion criteria. Fall rates ranged between 14.7% and 34% per annum (median 18%). In the four prospective studies, injuries were reported by 60% to 75% of those reporting falls, with fractures constituting 6% to 8% of all injuries. One hundred thirty-two variables were identified as fall risk factors, with commonly reported factors being female sex, older age, use of multiple medications, gait instability, fear of falling, and decline in activities of daily living. The findings reveal a consistently lower incidence of self-reported falls in Chinese older people than in Caucasian older people, although the types and prevalence of risk factors were not dissimilar from those found in studies of Caucasian older people. A greater understanding of the health, behavioral, and lifestyle factors that influence fall rates in Chinese populations is required for elucidating fall prevention strategies in Chinese and non-Chinese older people. © 2011, Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation © 2011, The American Geriatrics Society.
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            Incidence and predictors of falls in the chinese elderly.

            This is the first prospective longitudinal study carried out in a Chinese elderly population with the objective of identifying the incidence and predictors of falls. This is a population-based cohort study in Hong Kong with 1517 ambulatory elderly Chinese recruited using a multi-stage sampling method. Baseline data on demographic, comorbid diseases, drugs, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) [Barthel Index and Lawton's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)], Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), cognitive assessment by the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), fear of falling, self-perceived mobility problem, hand grip strength, lower limb power, balance and gait tests were performed. Every subject was followed up for 1 year. Four hundred and one falls occurred in 294 fallers (19.3%) over 1 year of follow-up. The prevalence of falls and recurrent falls were 19.3% and 4.75%, respectively. The incidences of falls (i.e., the fall events) were 220, 324 and 270 per 1000 person-years for men, women and both gender, respectively. The independent predictors of falls were previous history of falls, advancing age, Parkinson's disease, knee extension power and gait speed. The independent predictors of recurrent falls were previous history of falls, self-perceived mobility problem, the knee extension strength and the Total Mobility Score of the Tinetti Balance and Gait Evaluation. The incidence of falls in the Chinese elderly was 270 per 1000 person-years. History of falls, old age, Parkinson's disease, decreased lower limb power and impairment in balance and gait function were important independent predictors of falls or recurrent falls in the Chinese elderly. Effective fall prevention programmes targeted at improving these risk factors for falls should be developed for the Chinese elderly in Hong Kong and Asia.
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              Is the Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) a feasible and valid predictor of short-term fall risk in nursing home residents with dementia?

              The feasibility and predictive validity of balance and gait measures in more severe stages of dementia have been understudied. We evaluated the clinimetric properties of the Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) in nursing home residents with dementia with a specific objective of predicting falls in the short term.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcre
                Revista Colombiana de Reumatología
                Rev.Colomb.Reumatol.
                Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología (Bogotá )
                0121-8123
                December 2012
                : 19
                : 4
                : 218-233
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Clínica Las Américas Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad de Antioquia Colombia
                Article
                S0121-81232012000400004
                10.1016/S0121-8123(12)70017-8
                292e6dd4-9ccc-41bc-a84d-e36b0d7f7ed6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0121-8123&lng=en
                Categories
                RHEUMATOLOGY

                Rheumatology
                Elderly people,Falls,Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA),Reliability,Validity,Adultos mayores,Caídas,Escala de Tinetti,Validación,Fiabilidad

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