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      Desigualdades sócio-econômicas do baixo peso ao nascer e da mortalidade perinatal no Município do Rio de Janeiro, 2001 Translated title: Socioeconomic inequalities and low birth weight and perinatal mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Desigualdades sócio-econômicas na mortalidade infantil precoce têm sido evidenciadas no Brasil, indicando que o maior risco de morte se relaciona com o nível sócio-econômico das mães. Apontam-se, neste trabalho, as desigualdades do baixo peso ao nascer e da mortalidade perinatal no Município do Rio de Janeiro, discutindo-se a adequação das principais medidas de desigualdades em saúde propostas na literatura. Como fonte de informações, utilizam-se os dados coletados em inquérito realizado em cerca de dez mil parturientes nas primeiras 48 horas após o parto, em maternidades públicas e privadas da cidade. Considerando o grau de instrução da mãe e a renda do chefe da família como indicadores do nível sócio-econômico, bem como o risco atribuível populacional relativo e o coeficiente angular de desigualdade como medidas de desigualdade em saúde, constata-se grande gradiente sócio-econômico da proporção de baixo peso ao nascer e, especialmente, da taxa de mortalidade perinatal. A associação persistente entre os fatores sócio-econômicos e os resultados adversos da gravidez reflete, pelo menos em parte, a ineficácia do sistema de saúde em minorar as desigualdades da saúde perinatal no Rio de Janeiro.

          Translated abstract

          Socioeconomic inequalities in early infant mortality have been evidenced in Brazil, with a greater mortality risk associated with the mother's socioeconomic status (SES). The aim of this paper is to identify socioeconomic inequalities in relation to low birth weight and perinatal mortality in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, discussing the appropriateness of the main health inequality indexes proposed in the international literature. As the information source, we use data collected in a survey of approximately 10,000 mothers selected for interview within 48 hours after delivery in public and private hospitals in the city. Using educational level and head of household's income as indicators of SES, as well as population attributable risk and slope index of inequality as health inequality measures, the results show a steep socioeconomic gradient in the proportion of low birth weight, and especially in the perinatal mortality rate. The persistent association between socioeconomic indicators and adverse results in pregnancy indicates (at least partially) the health system's inefficacy in diminishing perinatal health inequalities in Rio de Janeiro.

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          On the measurement of inequalities in health

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            The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986.

            There is an inverse relation between socioeconomic status and mortality. Over the past several decades death rates in the United States have declined, but it is unclear whether all socioeconomic groups have benefited equally. Using records from the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey (n = 13,491) and the 1986 National Health Interview Survey (n = 30,725), we replicated the analysis by Kitagawa and Hauser of differential mortality in 1960. We calculated direct standardized mortality rates and indirect standardized mortality ratios for persons 25 to 64 years of age according to race, sex, income, and family status. The inverse relation between mortality and socioeconomic status persisted in 1986 and was stronger than in 1960. The disparity in mortality rates according to income and education increased for men and women, whites and blacks, and family members and unrelated persons. Over the 26-year period, the inequalities according to educational level increased for whites and blacks by over 20 percent in women and by over 100 percent in men. In whites, absolute death rates declined in persons of all educational levels, but the reduction was greater for men and women with more education than for those with less. Despite an overall decline in death rates in the United States since 1960, poor and poorly educated people still die at higher rates than those with higher incomes or better educations, and this disparity increased between 1960 and 1986.
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              Measuring the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in health: An overview of available measures illustrated with two examples from Europe

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                2004
                : 20
                : suppl 1
                : S44-S51
                Affiliations
                [01] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública orgdiv2Departamento de Administração e Planejamento em Saúde Brasil
                [02] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Centro de Informação Científica e Tecnológica orgdiv2Departamento de Informações em Saúde Brasil
                [03] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública orgdiv2Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde Brasil
                Article
                S0102-311X2004000700005 S0102-311X(04)02000005
                28a9c4b5-35e1-4aa2-8cab-4d2a146162d2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 January 2003
                : 04 August 2003
                : 14 May 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                Fatores Sócio-Econômicos,Mortalidade Infantil,Baixo Peso ao Nascer,Infant Mortality,Low Birth Weight Infant,Socioeconomic Factors

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