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      A systemic approach to resilience and ecological sustainability during the COVID-19 pandemic: Human, societal, and ecological health as a system-wide emergent property in the Anthropocene

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          Abstract

          The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a worldwide disruption. Most people have never witnessed such a global threat, and the world’s leaders have not dealt with a crisis of this magnitude; moreover, Research & Innovation (R&I) teams have little time to invent new pharmaceutical therapies. Nations are trying to implement controlling strategies for avoiding significant losses, but this pandemic has already imprinted itself upon their citizens’ psyche, created social anxiety, and disrupted national economies. The complexity of the psychological, social, and economic interrelations of this new source of stress cannot be appropriately understood by scientific reductionism and specialised thinking only. It needs to be considered how the current pandemic links to questions of ecological sustainability and resilience. Further, we must rethink the complex interactions of human-nature health that drove the crisis, as proof of an unsustainable human civilisation. Accordingly, this paper aims to contribute to the transdisciplinary resilience dialogue on the health maintenance and life-supporting processes of the biosphere by focusing on the COVID-19 crisis. It explores various frameworks that are contributing to the transdisciplinary meta-perspective of resilience. Moreover, it proposes a humanistic approach based on not only controlling strategies involving containment and social isolation but also the ecological balance considering the human, societal, and ecological health as a system-wide emergent property. Conceptual frameworks of resilience are discussed—as mapping methodologies to structure the discourse—focusing on the role of leadership and empowerment. Furthermore, some positive insights are discussed, as a transdisciplinary integrator and solidarity facilitator of coping, mitigation, and decision-making in the time of uncertainty and anxiety created by the COVID-19 pandemic.

          Highlights

          • Conceptual frameworks of resilience were analysed based on variables linked to knowledge and evidence.

          • Human, societal, and ecological health was considered as a system-wide emergent property.

          • Uncertainty is characteristic of living that must be considered in the decision-making of honest, equitable leadership.

          • A well-informed and self-motivated population is more resilient than an ignorant one.

          • This pandemic period is a chance to unravel the human truths of love, caring, and solidarity from our subconscious.

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          Most cited references33

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          Defining urban resilience: A review

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            Brain mechanisms supporting the modulation of pain by mindfulness meditation.

            The subjective experience of one's environment is constructed by interactions among sensory, cognitive, and affective processes. For centuries, meditation has been thought to influence such processes by enabling a nonevaluative representation of sensory events. To better understand how meditation influences the sensory experience, we used arterial spin labeling functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the neural mechanisms by which mindfulness meditation influences pain in healthy human participants. After 4 d of mindfulness meditation training, meditating in the presence of noxious stimulation significantly reduced pain unpleasantness by 57% and pain intensity ratings by 40% when compared to rest. A two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used to identify interactions between meditation and pain-related brain activation. Meditation reduced pain-related activation of the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify brain regions associated with individual differences in the magnitude of meditation-related pain reductions. Meditation-induced reductions in pain intensity ratings were associated with increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula, areas involved in the cognitive regulation of nociceptive processing. Reductions in pain unpleasantness ratings were associated with orbitofrontal cortex activation, an area implicated in reframing the contextual evaluation of sensory events. Moreover, reductions in pain unpleasantness also were associated with thalamic deactivation, which may reflect a limbic gating mechanism involved in modifying interactions between afferent input and executive-order brain areas. Together, these data indicate that meditation engages multiple brain mechanisms that alter the construction of the subjectively available pain experience from afferent information.
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              Is Open Access

              What is equitable resilience?

              Highlights • The concept of resilience has often been critiqued as it underestimates issues of equity and power in human-environmental systems. • This paper, based on an analytical literature review, reveals four themes essential in understanding equitable resilience in practice. • The themes (subjectivities, inclusion, cross-scale interactions, and transformation) are embedded in a definition of ‘equitable resilience’. • By proposing a middle-range theory, we expand the system to include social, cultural and political factors that distribute resilience outcomes. • Equitable resilience can be applied alongside existing resilience indicators to drive resilience practice towards more equitable outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Glob Transit
                Glob Transit
                Global Transitions
                The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
                2589-7918
                18 July 2020
                2020
                18 July 2020
                : 2
                : 116-126
                Affiliations
                [1]Biomass Group, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
                Article
                S2589-7918(20)30008-6
                10.1016/j.glt.2020.06.002
                7367803
                32835203
                27ed26f0-d0f1-4eaf-b233-f664d0f32a2b
                © 2020 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 2 April 2020
                : 30 April 2020
                : 15 June 2020
                Categories
                Article

                covid-19,health,resilience,ecology,leadership,uncertainty,consciousness

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