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      Differences Across Age Groups in Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming People’s Experiences of Health Care Discrimination, Harassment, and Victimization

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      Journal of Aging and Health
      SAGE Publications

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          Abstract

          Given the increasing diversity among older adults and changes in health policy, knowledge is needed on potential barriers to health care for transgender and gender non-conforming (GNC) individuals.

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          Most cited references20

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          Physical and mental health of transgender older adults: an at-risk and underserved population.

          This study is one of the first to examine the physical and mental health of transgender older adults and to identify modifiable factors that account for health risks in this underserved population.
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            Assessing access to care for transgender and gender nonconforming people: a consideration of diversity in combating discrimination.

            José Cruz (2014)
            Transgender and gender nonconforming people face stigma and discrimination from a wide variety of sources and through numerous social realms. Stigma and discrimination originating from biomedicine and health care provision may impact this group's access to primary care. Such stigma and discrimination may originate not only from direct events and past negative experiences, but also through medicine's role in providing treatments of transitioning, the development of formal diagnoses to provide access to such treatments, and the medical language used to describe this diverse group. This paper examines the postponement of primary curative care among this marginalized group of people by drawing from the National Transgender Discrimination Survey, one of the largest available datasets for this underserved group. This paper also proposes an innovate categorization system to account for differences in self-conceptualization and identity, which has been of considerable concern for transgender and gender nonconforming communities but remains underexplored in social and health research. Results suggest that experience, identity, state of transition, and disclosure of transgender or gender nonconforming status are associated with postponement due to discrimination. Other findings suggest that postponement associated with primary place of seeking care and health insurance has ties to both discrimination and affordability. These findings highlight the importance of combating stigma and discrimination generated from within or experienced at sites of biomedicine or health care provision in improving access to care for this group of people. Improving access to care for all gender variant people requires a critical evaluation of existing research practices and health care provision to ensure that care is tailored as needed to each person's perspective in relation to larger social processes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              The physical and mental health of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual (LGB) older adults: the role of key health indicators and risk and protective factors.

              Based on resilience theory, this paper investigates the influence of key health indicators and risk and protective factors on health outcomes (including general health, disability, and depression) among lesbian, gay male, and bisexual (LGB) older adults.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Aging and Health
                J Aging Health
                SAGE Publications
                0898-2643
                1552-6887
                June 25 2015
                June 16 2015
                : 28
                : 2
                : 285-306
                Article
                10.1177/0898264315590228
                26082132
                27d5270e-2963-4e96-96f3-0c81a115b0a3
                © 2015

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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