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      Flora of Espírito Santo: Inga (Fabaceae, Mimosoid clade)

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          Abstract

          Abstract This study aims to assess the diversity of Inga in the state of Espírito Santo (ES), in order to establish diagnostic characters and circumscription of the species through a detailed analysis of botanical collections. This analysis was based on morphological analysis of specimens collected in the ES and deposited in herbarium collections. The study provides identification keys, descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments, geographic distributions, distribution patterns, and phenology data for the species. Twenty-six taxa of Inga were recognized in ES. Of these, 14 (52%) are endemic to Brazil, one of which, Inga teresensis, is restricted to ES. Species of Inga occur predominantly in dense ombrophilous forest (23 taxa), followed by seasonal semideciduous forest (16 taxa), open ombrophilous forest (nine taxa), and pioneer formations (eight taxa). Among dense ombrophilous forests, a higher diversity of Inga species was present in slope forests (22 taxa) than tabuleiro forests (15 taxa). Inga aptera, I. cabelo, I. maritima, I. platyptera, and I. unica are listed as threatened. The distribution of four taxa, I. aptera, I. ciliata subsp. ciliata, I. cylindrica, and I. subnuda var. luschnatiana was extended to ES.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a diversidade de Inga no Espírito Santo, a fim de estabelecer caracteres diagnósticos e a circunscrição das espécies por meio da análise detalhada de coleções botânicas. Os estudos foram baseados na análise morfológica de espécimes coletados no Espírito Santo, além daqueles depositados nos acervos de herbários. São fornecidas chaves para identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos, distribuição geográfica, padrões de distribuição e dados de fenologia para as espécies. Foram reconhecidos 26 táxons infragenéricos de Inga para o Espírito Santo. Destes, 14 espécies (52%) são endêmicas do Brasil e apenas uma, Inga teresensis, é restrita ao estado do Espírito Santo. As espécies de Inga ocorrem, predominantemente, em floresta ombrófila densa (23 táxons), seguida pela floresta estacional semidecidual (16 táxons), pela floresta ombrófila aberta (9 táxons) e pelas formações pioneiras (8 táxons). A floresta ombrófila densa, apresentou maior riqueza na mata de encosta (22 spp) do que em mata de tabuleiro (15 spp). Inga aptera, I. cabelo, I. platyptera, I. maritima e I. unica estão categorizadas como ameaçadas de extinção. A distribuição de quatro táxons foi ampliada para o Espírito Santo: I. aptera, I. ciliata subsp. ciliata, I. cylindrica e I. subnuda subsp. luschnathiana.

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          Rapid diversification of a species-rich genus of neotropical rain forest trees.

          Species richness in the tropics has been attributed to the gradual accumulation of species over a long geological period in stable equatorial climates or, conversely, to speciation in response to late Tertiary geological events and unstable Pleistocene climates. DNA sequence data are consistent with recent diversification in Inga, a species-rich neotropical tree genus. We estimate that speciation was concentrated in the past 10 million years, with many species arising as recently as 2 million years ago. This coincides with the more recent major uplifts of the Andes, the bridging of the Isthmus of Panama, and Quaternary glacial cycles. Inga may be representative of other species-rich neotropical genera with rapid growth and reproduction, which contribute substantially to species numbers in the world's most diverse flora.
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            Brazilian Flora 2020: Innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC)

            Abstract The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) was established by the Conference of Parties in 2002 to decrease the loss of plant diversity, reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable development. To achieve this overarching goal, the GSPC has established a series of targets, one of which is to ensure that plant diversity is well understood, so that it can be effectively conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Brazil hosts more than 46,000 species of plants, algae and fungi, representing one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth, and playing a key role in the GSPC. To meet the GSPC goals of Target 1 and facilitate access to plant diversity, Brazil committed to preparing the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2008-2015) and the Brazilian Flora 2020 (2016-present). Managing all the information associated with such great biodiversity has proven to be an extremely challenging task. Here, we synthesize the history of these projects, focusing on the multidisciplinary and collaborative approach adopted to develop and manage the inclusion of all the knowledge generated though digital information systems. We further describe the methods used, challenges faced, and strategies adopted, as well as summarize advances to date and prospects for completing the Brazilian flora in 2020.
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              Angiosperm Checklist of Espírito Santo: using electronic tools to improve the knowledge of an Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

              Abstract A checklist of angiosperm species for the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil is presented. A total of 6,204 native species was recorded, representing an increase of 16% in species richness for the area. Espírito Santo shelters 32% of the native species of Brazil's Atlantic Forest and holds 516 endemic species (8.3% of the total registered taxa for the State). Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae are the families with highest number of endemic species (142 spp. and 80 spp., respectively), followed by Myrtaceae (33 spp.), Melastomataceae (30 spp.), and Araceae (23 spp.). This paper represents an important landmark for future research in plant diversity in Espírito Santo, and highlights the importance of consulting online databases in order to update the knowledge presented by the Brazilian flora checklist.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rod
                Rodriguésia
                Rodriguésia
                Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0370-6583
                2175-7860
                2022
                : 73
                : e00442021
                Affiliations
                [2] Vitória Espírito Santo orgnameUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo orgdiv1Vitória Brazil
                [1] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa orgdiv1Pós-graduação em Botânica Brazil
                Article
                S2175-78602022000100816 S2175-7860(22)07300000816
                10.1590/2175-7860202273017
                27cdd5fd-2148-4713-8e46-ce8e9040f758

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 May 2021
                : 11 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Flora of Espírito Santo, Brazil

                taxonomia,Atlantic Forest,Brazil,floristic,Leguminosae,taxonomy,Floresta Atlântica,Brasil,florística

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