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Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability and source of societal cost in older
adults. With an ageing and increasingly obese population, this syndrome is becoming
even more prevalent than in previous decades. In recent years, we have gained important
insights into the cause and pathogenesis of pain in osteoarthritis. The diagnosis
of osteoarthritis is clinically based despite the widespread overuse of imaging methods.
Management should be tailored to the presenting individual and focus on core treatments,
including self-management and education, exercise, and weight loss as relevant. Surgery
should be reserved for those that have not responded appropriately to less invasive
methods. Prevention and disease modification are areas being targeted by various research
endeavours, which have indicated great potential thus far. This narrative Seminar
provides an update on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and future research
on osteoarthritis for a clinical audience.