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      Sistemas alimentario nutricionales agroecológicos en Argentina ¿desterritorializando al agronegocio en la provincia Córdoba? Translated title: Agroecological Food-Nutritional Systems in Argentina. Deterritorializing Agribusiness in the Province of Córdoba? Translated title: Sistemas alimentares agroecológicos nutricionais na Argentina ¿deterritorializando o agronegócio na província de Córdoba?

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          Abstract

          Resumen De manera crítica, se estudia el sistema alimentario transgénico-transnacional de agronegocios. Aquel que trae consigo expoliación de los bienes comunes, creciente conflictividad socioambiental, y es responsable, cada vez más, de los efectos negativos, tanto en la salud de la población como del ambiente. El objetivo es comprender las tramas de dicho sistema desde su impacto territorial-ambiental en Córdoba, Argentina. Este análisis se realiza a partir de un acto de escucha a los distintos sujetos de lucha, a partir de la investigación-acción-participación, tejiendo redes de resistencias locales y contribuyendo en la comprensión de la realidad alimentaria y territorial. En asambleas de ciudadanos, los productores-elaboradores de alimentos y las organizaciones alimentarias -como redes de compra y consumo-, buscaron visibilizar estrategias que, desde la agroecología, procuran desterritorializar el sistema alimentario transgénico de agronegocio. Se presentan los avances y nuevos desafíos en materia de prohibición a las fumigaciones, judicialización de luchas, crecimiento de circuitos cortos de comercio de alimentos agroecológicos y las múltiples territorialidades de organizaciones de base, que desde las sierras de Córdoba, aportan a la construcción de sistemas alimentarios nutricionales agroecológicos regionales, aquellos que se siguen tejiendo colectivamente para sanar con la tierra. Ideas destacadas: artículo de investigación que aborda las conflictividades socioambientales entorno a los sistemas alimentarios. Un estudio interdisciplinar realizado desde la nutrición y la geografía a partir de la investigación-acción-participativa. Un trabajo para visibilizar e interpretar las autonomías alimentarias y procesos de lucha por la tierra y las maneras de producir alimentos en Argentina.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The transgenic-transnational agribusiness food system is critically estudied. This system brings with it the plundering of common goods, growing socioenvironmental conflicts, and is increasingly responsible for the negative effects on the health of the population and the environment. It aims to understand the plots of this system from its territorial-environmental impact in Cordoba, Argentina. The analysis is based on the act of listening to the different struggling subjects, from the Participatory Action, weaving networks of local resistance, and contributing to understanding the food and territorial reality. In citizens' assemblies, food producers-producers and food organizations -as purchase and consumption networks-, sought to make visible strategies that, from agroecology, seek to deterritorialize the transgenic agribusiness food system. We present the advances and new challenges in terms of banning fumigations, judicialization of struggles, growth of short agroecological food trade circuits and the multiple territorialities of grassroots organizations that, from the Córdoba sierras, contribute to the construction of regional agroecological nutritional food systems, those that continue to be woven collectively to heal with the land. Highlights: research article that addresses the socio-environmental conflict around food systems. An interdisciplinary study of nutrition and geography conducted through Participatory Action Research. A work to make visible and interpret food autonomies and processes of social struggle for land and ways of producing food in Argentina.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Abordamos criticamente o sistema alimentar transgênico-transnacional de agronegócios. que traz consigo pilhagem de bens comuns e crescente conflito socioambiental, e é cada vez mais responsável pelos efeitos negativos, tanto sobre a saúde da população quanto sobre o meio ambiente. Propõe-se compreender as parcelas deste sistema a partir de seu impacto territorial-ambiental em Córdoba, Argentina. Esta análise se baseia em um ato de escuta aos variados sujeitos de luta com os quais a pesquisa-ação-participação é compartilhada como metodologia de trabalho, tecendo redes de resistência local e contribuindo para a compreensão da realidade alimentar e territorial. Juntamente com assembleias de cidadãos, produtores de alimentos, organizações alimentares, como redes de compra e consumo, procura-se tornar visíveis as estratégias que, a partir da agroecologia, crescem para desterritorializar o sistema alimentar transgênico de agronegócio. Para isso, apresentam-se os avanços e novos desafios em termos da proibição de fumigações, a judicialização das lutas, crescimento de circuitos curtos de comércio agroecológico de alimentos e as múltiplas territorialidades das organizações de base que, desde as serras de Córdoba, contribuem para a construção dos sistemas alimentares agroecológicos nutricionais regionais, aqueles que ainda são coletivamente tecidos para curar com a Terra. Ideias destacadas: artigo de pesquisa que aborda o conflito socioambiental em torno dos sistemas alimentares. Um estudo interdisciplinar realizado a partir de nutrição e geografia, baseado na pesquisa-ação-participativa. Um trabalho para tornar visível e interpretar as autonomias e processos de luta pela terra e as formas de produzir alimentos na Argentina.

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          Agroecology as a science, a movement and a practice. A review

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            Children's health and the environment: public health issues and challenges for risk assessment.

            Infants and children are not little adults. They are uniquely vulnerable to environmental toxicants. To protect infants and children against toxicants, the National Research Council in 1993 called for development of an approach to risk assessment that considers children's unique patterns of exposure and their special vulnerabilities to pesticides. Many aspects of that call were codified into federal law in the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996. This report highlights the central elements needed for development of a child-protective approach to risk assessment: a) improved quantitative assessment of children's exposures at different life stages, from fetal life through adolescence, including acute and chronic exposures, exposures via multiple routes, and exposures to multiple agents; b) development of new approaches to toxicity testing of chemicals that can detect unanticipated and subtle outcomes and that evaluate experimental subjects over the entire life span from early exposure to natural death to replicate the human experience; c) development of new toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic models that account for the unique physiologic characteristics of infants and children; d) development of new approaches to assessment of outcomes, functional, organ, cellular and molecular, over the entire life span; these measures need to be incorporated into toxicity testing and into long-term prospective epidemiologic studies of children; and e) application of uncertainty and safety factors in risk assessment that specifically consider children's risks. Under FQPA, children are presumed more vulnerable to pesticides than adults unless evidence exists to the contrary. Uncertainty and safety factors that are protective of children must therefore be incorporated into risk assessment when data on developmental toxicity are lacking or when there is evidence of developmental toxicity. The adequate protection of children against toxic agents in the environment will require fundamental and far-reaching revisions of current approaches to toxicity testing and risk assessment.
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              Pesticide exposure in children.

              Pesticides are a collective term for a wide array of chemicals intended to kill unwanted insects, plants, molds, and rodents. Food, water, and treatment in the home, yard, and school are all potential sources of children's exposure. Exposures to pesticides may be overt or subacute, and effects range from acute to chronic toxicity. In 2008, pesticides were the ninth most common substance reported to poison control centers, and approximately 45% of all reports of pesticide poisoning were for children. Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning are perhaps the most widely known acute poisoning syndromes, can be diagnosed by depressed red blood cell cholinesterase levels, and have available antidotal therapy. However, numerous other pesticides that may cause acute toxicity, such as pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides, also have specific toxic effects; recognition of these effects may help identify acute exposures. Evidence is increasingly emerging about chronic health implications from both acute and chronic exposure. A growing body of epidemiological evidence demonstrates associations between parental use of pesticides, particularly insecticides, with acute lymphocytic leukemia and brain tumors. Prenatal, household, and occupational exposures (maternal and paternal) appear to be the largest risks. Prospective cohort studies link early-life exposure to organophosphates and organochlorine pesticides (primarily DDT) with adverse effects on neurodevelopment and behavior. Among the findings associated with increased pesticide levels are poorer mental development by using the Bayley index and increased scores on measures assessing pervasive developmental disorder, inattention, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Related animal toxicology studies provide supportive biological plausibility for these findings. Additional data suggest that there may also be an association between parental pesticide use and adverse birth outcomes including physical birth defects, low birth weight, and fetal death, although the data are less robust than for cancer and neurodevelopmental effects. Children's exposures to pesticides should be limited as much as possible.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcdg
                Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía
                Cuad. Geogr. Rev. Colomb. Geogr.
                Facultad de Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0121-215X
                2256-5442
                June 2023
                : 32
                : 1
                : 158-176
                Affiliations
                [1] Córdoba Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Argentina nanualebalma@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Córdoba Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Argentina joaquin.ulises.deon@ 123456unc.edu.ar
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-604X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-9322
                Article
                S0121-215X2023000100158 S0121-215X(23)03200100158
                10.15446/rcdg.v32n1.88786
                27938849-2de7-4495-bdc1-4696afb0db89

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 June 2020
                : 13 June 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 90, Pages: 19
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos

                território,ultraprocessados,sistemas alimentares nutricionais,lutas ambientais,autonomias alimentares,agroecologia,ultra-processed foods,territory,food-nutritional systems,environmental struggles,food autonomies,agroecology,ultraprocesados,territorio,sistemas alimentario-nutricionales,luchas ambientales,autonomías alimentarias,agroecología

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