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      Hepatitis B en indígenas de América Latina: una revisión de la literatura Translated title: Hepatitis B in indigenous people in Latin America: a literature review Translated title: Hepatite B em indígenas na América Latina: revisão da literatura

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          RESUMEN

          Objetivo.

          Identificar publicaciones realizadas entre los años 2000 y 2020 sobre hepatitis B en indígenas de América Latina, con el fin de conocer avances y vacíos en el tema durante los últimos 20 años.

          Métodos.

          Revisión exploratoria y síntesis rápida de la evidencia. El proceso de organización documental se realizó con los programas Excel ® y Rayyan ®.

          Resultados.

          Se seleccionaron 30 de 107 artículos encontrados, 17 corresponden a estudios epidemiológicos, 10 a revisiones documentales, dos estudios clínicos y una carta al editor. Brasil fue el país con más publicaciones (50%), la mayoría con enfoque epidemiológico. La temática más abordada fue la medición de prevalencia de la infección por hepatitis B con 22 publicaciones, le siguieron 11 estudios que informan resultados de estudios moleculares del virus, siete estudios sobre vacunación, cinco estudios sobre factores de riesgo y cuatro publicaciones con temas como la transmisión vertical y estudios sociales.

          Conclusión.

          En comparación con revisiones previas realizadas por otros autores, se observa una mayor diversidad en los temas y métodos de investigación utilizados; sin embargo, aún prevalecen los enfoques epidemiológicos convencionales centrados en la medición de la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos. Esto hace necesario encarar otro tipo de investigaciones centradas en los determinantes socioculturales.

          ABSTRACT

          Objective.

          Identify publications from 2000 to 2020 on hepatitis B in indigenous people in Latin America, to learn about advances and gaps in this field in the last 20 years.

          Methods.

          Exploratory review and systematic evidence review. Documents were organized using Excel and Rayyan® software.

          Results.

          We selected 30 of 107 articles found: 17 epidemiological studies, 10 document reviews, 2 clinical studies, and 1 letter to the editor. Brazil was the country with the most publications (50%), most of them with an epidemiological approach. The topic most often addressed was hepatitis B prevalence with 22 publications, followed by 11 studies reporting results of molecular studies of the virus, 7 studies on vaccination, 5 studies on risk factors, and 4 publications with topics such as vertical transmission and studies of social issues.

          Conclusion.

          Compared to previous reviews by other authors, we saw greater diversity in topics and research methods; however, conventional epidemiological approaches that focus on measuring prevalence of serological markers still predominate. Thus, there is a need for other types of research focused on sociocultural determinants.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo.

          Identificar artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2020 sobre hepatite B em indígenas da América Latina, visando a conhecer as conquistas obtidas nos últimos 20 anos e as lacunas existentes com relação a esta doença.

          Métodos.

          Foi realizada uma revisão exploratória da literatura com síntese das evidências. O material obtido foi organizado com o uso de Excel ® e Rayyan ®.

          Resultados.

          De 107 artigos encontrados, 30 foram selecionados – 17 estudos epidemiológicos, 10 revisões documentais, 2 estudos clínicos e 1 carta ao editor. O Brasil foi o país com o maior percentual de artigos publicados (50%), na sua maioria estudos com enfoque epidemiológico. As áreas temáticas abordadas foram a prevalência de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (22 artigos), estudos moleculares do vírus da hepatite (11 estudos), vacinação ( 7), fatores de risco ( 5), e temas como transmissão materno-fetal e aspectos sociais ( 4).

          Conclusões.

          Comparado aos estudos de revisão anteriores conduzidos por outros autores, o presente estudo demonstra uma maior variedade de áreas temáticas e metodologias empregadas. No entanto, ainda predominam enfoques epidemiológicos convencionais com foco na avaliação da prevalência de marcadores sorológicos. São necessárias outras linhas de pesquisas enfocando os determinantes socioculturais.

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          Most cited references54

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          The influence of hepatitis B virus genotype and subgenotype on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B.

          Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with a high lifetime risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis of the liver. To review the studies published to date regarding the association of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes in the development of adverse sequelae from HBV. Review of the literature for articles describing studies of HBV genotype/subgenotypes and development of HCC, cirrhosis, and liver-related death. Eight genotypes of HBV (A through H), which differ from each other in viral genome sequence by more than 8%, and multiple subgenotypes, which differ from each other by 4-8% have been identified. Recently, studies investigating the association between the risks of developing HCC and cirrhosis by specific HBV genotypes and subgenotypes have reported marked differences in outcome. Certain HBV genotypes and subgenotypes, including genotype C, B2-5, and F1, appear to be associated with a higher risk of developing HCC, and others, including genotypes B1, B6, and A2, appear to be associated with a lower risk of complications of HBV. Our understanding of the role of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes on the outcome of HBV infection is limited, as few population-based prospective studies have been performed and most studies compare only the outcome in areas where two genotypes predominate whereas others have not examined subgenotypes. Studies to date suggest that HBV genotypes/subgenotypes have important influences on the outcome of chronic HBV infection, but more population-based prospective studies examining multiple genotypes are needed.
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            • Article: not found

            Clinical practice: prevention of hepatitis B with the hepatitis B vaccine.

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              • Article: not found

              Influence of genotypes and precore mutations on fulminant or chronic outcome of acute hepatitis B virus infection.

              The outcome of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is variable, influenced by host and viral factors. From 1982 through 2004, 301 patients with acute HBV infection entered a multi-center cross-sectional study in Japan. Patients with fulminant hepatitis (n = 40) were older (44.7 +/- 16.3 vs. 36.0 +/- 14.3 years, P < .0017), less predominantly male (43% vs. 71%, P = .0005), less positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) (23% vs. 60%, P < .0001), less infected with subgenotype Ae (0% vs. 13%, P < .05), and more frequently with Bj (30% vs. 4%, P < .0001) than those with acute self-limited hepatitis (n = 261). Precore (G1896A) and core-promoter (A1762T/G1764A) mutations were more frequent in patients with fulminant than acute self-limited hepatitis (53% vs. 9% and 50% vs. 17%, P < .0001 for both). HBV infection persisted in only three (1%) patients, and they represented 2 of the 23 infected with Ae and 1 of the 187 with the other subgenotypes (9% vs. 0.5%, P = .032); none of them received antiviral therapy. In multivariate analysis, age 34 years or older, Bj, HBeAg-negative, total bilirubin 10.0 mg/dL or greater, and G1896A mutation were independently associated with the fulminant outcome. In in vitro transfection experiments, the replication of Bj clone was markedly enhanced by introducing either G1896A or A1762T/G1764A mutation. In conclusion, persistence of HBV was rare (1%) and associated with Ae, whereas fulminant hepatitis was frequent (13%) and associated with Bj and lack of HBeAg as well as high replication due to precore mutation in patients with acute HBV infection.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                23 March 2022
                2022
                : 46
                : e22
                Affiliations
                [1 ] orgnameGrupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano orgdiv1Facultad de Educación orgdiv2Universidad de Antioquia Colombia originalGrupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia.
                [2 ] orgnameGrupo Epidemiología orgdiv1Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública orgdiv2Universidad de Antioquia Colombia originalGrupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia.
                [3 ] orgnameGrupo Gastrohepatología orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Universidad de Antioquia Colombia originalGrupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia.
                [4 ] orgnameEmpresa Social del Estado Red de Servicios de Salud de Primer Nivel Guaviare Colombia originalEmpresa Social del Estado Red de Servicios de Salud de Primer Nivel, Guaviare, Colombia.
                Author notes
                Jaime Alberto Martínez Gallego, jaimea.martinez@ 123456udea.edu.co
                Article
                RPSP.2022.22
                10.26633/RPSP.2022.22
                8942283
                273f6d51-f531-4495-8116-5aba5cd4aab7

                Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO, que permite su uso, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que el trabajo original se cite de la manera adecuada. No se permiten modificaciones a los artículos ni su uso comercial. Al reproducir un artículo no debe haber ningún indicio de que la OPS o el artículo avalan a una organización o un producto específico. El uso del logo de la OPS no está permitido. Esta leyenda debe conservarse, junto con la URL original del artículo. Crédito del logo y texto open access: PLoS, bajo licencia Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported.

                History
                : 10 August 2021
                : 25 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 45
                Funding
                Financiación. Esta revisión documental se desarrolla en el marco del proyecto Caracterización molecular y factores asociados a la infección por el virus de la Hepatitis B en población indígena de Colombia: un estudio de casos y controles, código: 111577758031, contrato N.° 591 de 2018, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia.
                Categories
                Revisión Sistemática

                hepatitis,población indígena,salud indígena,américa latina,indigenous population,indigenous’ health,latin america,hepatite,população indígena,saúde indígena

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