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      Mortalidad por hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina en pacientes con COVID-19 en ventilación mecánica de una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Lima Translated title: Mortality with hydroxichloroquine and azythromycin use in COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit in Lima

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo : Estimar la mortalidad relacionada a hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina en pacientes con Covid-19 en ventilación mecánica de una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Material y métodos : Cohorte analítica retrospectiva. Se incluyeron 105 pacientes con Covid-19 en ventilación mecánica invasiva que ingresaron con el diagnóstico de Insuficiencia Respiratoria Aguda a la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Cayetano Heredia durante el año 2020. Resultados : La mortalidad global fue 38 %; el 79 % fueron varones, la edad media fue 50±13 años, el 65 % no tuvo comorbilidades; al ingreso la puntuación en la escala APACHE II fue 12±6 puntos y en la escala SOFA 5±3 puntos; el 30 % recibió hidroxicloroquina, el 32 % azitromicina y 32 % la combinación de los mismos. La mortalidad fue significativamente mayor en pacientes que recibieron hidroxicloroquina (p=0.001), azitromicina (p=0.03), y la combinación hidroxicloroquina más azitromicina (p=0.001). Sin embargo, en la regresión de Cox se evidenció que los pacientes que fallecieron tuvieron mayor probabilidad de exposición a hidroxicloroquina (p=0.001) (HR: 21, IC: 3.4-131.3), no ocurrió lo mismo con azitromicina (p=0.22) (HR: 0.43, IC: 0.11-1.6). Conclusión : La mortalidad en los pacientes con Covid-19 en ventilación mecánica invasiva fue significadamente mayor en pacientes que recibieron hidroxicloroquina.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective : To estimate mortality rates associated with hydroxichloroquine and azithromycin use in Covid-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit in Lima. Material and methods : This is a retrospective analytical cohort. One hundred and five patients with Covid-19 undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation who were admitted with a diagnosis of acute respiratory insufficiency to the intensive care unit of Cayetano Heredia Hospital in Lima during 2020. Results : The overall mortality rate was 38%. Most patients (79%) were male, their mean age was 50 ± 13 years, two thirds (65%) did not have comorbidities; APACHE II and SOFA scores were 12 ± 6 points and 5 ± 3 points, respectively. Thirty percent of all patients received hydroxichloroquine, 32% received azithromycin, and 32% received both drugs. Mortality was significantly higher in those patients who received hydroxichloroquine (p= 0.001), azithromycin (p= 0.03), and the combination of hydroxichloroquine and azithromycin (p= 0.001). However, when a Cox regression analysis was performed, it was evidenced that deceased patients were more likely to have been exposed to hydroxichloroquine (p= 0.001) (HR: 21, CI: 3.4-131.3), but this was not the case with azithromycin (p= 0.22) (HR: 0.43, CI: 0.11-1.6). Conclusion : Mortality in Covid-19 patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation was higher in those who received hydroxichloroquine.

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          Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study

          Summary Background In December, 2019, a pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. We aimed to further clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Methods In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from Jan 1 to Jan 20, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analysed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and radiological features and laboratory data. Outcomes were followed up until Jan 25, 2020. Findings Of the 99 patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia, 49 (49%) had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. The average age of the patients was 55·5 years (SD 13·1), including 67 men and 32 women. 2019-nCoV was detected in all patients by real-time RT-PCR. 50 (51%) patients had chronic diseases. Patients had clinical manifestations of fever (82 [83%] patients), cough (81 [82%] patients), shortness of breath (31 [31%] patients), muscle ache (11 [11%] patients), confusion (nine [9%] patients), headache (eight [8%] patients), sore throat (five [5%] patients), rhinorrhoea (four [4%] patients), chest pain (two [2%] patients), diarrhoea (two [2%] patients), and nausea and vomiting (one [1%] patient). According to imaging examination, 74 (75%) patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 14 (14%) patients showed multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity, and one (1%) patient had pneumothorax. 17 (17%) patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and, among them, 11 (11%) patients worsened in a short period of time and died of multiple organ failure. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection was of clustering onset, is more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, and can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In general, characteristics of patients who died were in line with the MuLBSTA score, an early warning model for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia. Further investigation is needed to explore the applicability of the MuLBSTA score in predicting the risk of mortality in 2019-nCoV infection. Funding National Key R&D Program of China.
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            Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study

            Summary Background An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Information about critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Methods In this single-centered, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled 52 critically ill adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Wuhan Jin Yin-tan hospital (Wuhan, China) between late December, 2019, and Jan 26, 2020. Demographic data, symptoms, laboratory values, comorbidities, treatments, and clinical outcomes were all collected. Data were compared between survivors and non-survivors. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, as of Feb 9, 2020. Secondary outcomes included incidence of SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the proportion of patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Findings Of 710 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 52 critically ill adult patients were included. The mean age of the 52 patients was 59·7 (SD 13·3) years, 35 (67%) were men, 21 (40%) had chronic illness, 51 (98%) had fever. 32 (61·5%) patients had died at 28 days, and the median duration from admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) to death was 7 (IQR 3–11) days for non-survivors. Compared with survivors, non-survivors were older (64·6 years [11·2] vs 51·9 years [12·9]), more likely to develop ARDS (26 [81%] patients vs 9 [45%] patients), and more likely to receive mechanical ventilation (30 [94%] patients vs 7 [35%] patients), either invasively or non-invasively. Most patients had organ function damage, including 35 (67%) with ARDS, 15 (29%) with acute kidney injury, 12 (23%) with cardiac injury, 15 (29%) with liver dysfunction, and one (2%) with pneumothorax. 37 (71%) patients required mechanical ventilation. Hospital-acquired infection occurred in seven (13·5%) patients. Interpretation The mortality of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is considerable. The survival time of the non-survivors is likely to be within 1–2 weeks after ICU admission. Older patients (>65 years) with comorbidities and ARDS are at increased risk of death. The severity of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia poses great strain on critical care resources in hospitals, especially if they are not adequately staffed or resourced. Funding None.
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              Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia

              Abstract Background In the recent outbreak of novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China, significantly abnormal coagulation parameters in severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) cases were a concern. Objectives To describe the coagulation feature of patients with NCP. Methods Conventional coagulation results and outcomes of 183 consecutive patients with confirmed NCP in Tongji hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results The overall mortality was 11.5%, the non‐survivors revealed significantly higher D‐dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time compared to survivors on admission (P < .05); 71.4% of non‐survivors and 0.6% survivors met the criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation during their hospital stay. Conclusions The present study shows that abnormal coagulation results, especially markedly elevated D‐dimer and FDP are common in deaths with NCP.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                amp
                Acta Médica Peruana
                Acta méd. Peru
                Colegio Médico del Perú (Lima, , Peru )
                1728-5917
                July 2021
                : 38
                : 3
                : 163-168
                Affiliations
                [2] Lima Lima orgnameUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Peru
                [1] Lima orgnameHospital Cayetano Heredia Perú
                Article
                S1728-59172021000300163 S1728-5917(21)03800300163
                10.35663/amp.2021.383.2165
                272ff459-8d03-40b6-9fa2-80e152ab0f9c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 August 2021
                : 04 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Artículo original

                Mortalidad,Azithromycin,Hydroxichloroquine,Mechanical ventilation,Covid-19,Mortality,azitromicina,hidroxicloroquina,ventilación mecánica

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