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      Tributo a Manoel da Gama Lobo (1835-1883), pioneiro na epidemiologia da deficiência de vitamina A no Brasil Translated title: A tribute to Manoel da Gama Lobo (1835-1883), pioneer in the epidemiology of vitamin A deficiency in Brazil

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          Abstract

          Analisa a contribuição do médico paraense Manoel da Gama Lobo à história da epidemiologia da deficiência de vitamina A no Brasil. Tem como foco central de investigação a obra "Da oftalmia brasiliana", publicada originalmente em 1865. A trajetória acadêmica de Gama Lobo, particularmente essa obra, nos leva a identificar estreitos laços de comunhão entre o cientista e o grupo de médicos da Escola de Medicina Tropicalista Baiana. Embora não se possa creditar a Gama Lobo uma possível filiação às idéias do movimento abolicionista, algumas das passagens de "Da oftalmia brasiliana" indicam que esse cientista foi, no mínimo, um defensor do direito humano à alimentação para os escravos brasileiros.

          Translated abstract

          This analysis of the contributions of Manoel da Gama Lobo (physician born in Pará), to the epidemiology of vitamin A deficiency in Brazil focuses primarily on "Da oftalmia brasiliana" [On Brazilian ophthalmia], originally published in 1865. An analysis of Gama Lobo's academic trajectory, and especially of this work, points up the tight ties between the scientist and doctors within the Escola de Medicina Tropicalista Baiana. Although one cannot claim that Gama Lobo was a proponent of the ideas of the abolitionist movement, some passages of "Da oftalmia brasiliana" lead us to recognize this scientist at the very least as an advocate of Brazilian slaves' human right to food.

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            Effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute lower-respiratory-tract infections in young children in Brazil.

            A beneficial effect of periodic vitamin A supplementation on childhood mortality has been demonstrated, but the effect on morbidity is less clear. We investigated the effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute lower-respiratory-tract infections (ALRI) in children from northeastern Brazil in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled community trial. 1240 children aged 6-48 months were assigned vitamin A or placebo every 4 months for 1 year. They were followed up at home three times a week, and data about the occurrence and severity of diarrhoea and ALRI were collected. Any child with cough and respiratory rate above 40 breaths per min was visited by a paediatrician. The overall incidence of diarrhoea episodes was significantly lower in the vitamin-A-supplemented group than in the placebo group (18.42 vs 19.58 x 10(-3) child-days; rate ratio 0.94 [95% Cl 0.90-0.98]). The benefit of supplementation was greater as regards severe episodes of diarrhoea; the incidence was 20% lower in the vitamin A group than in the placebo group (rate ratio 0.80 [0.65-0.98]). With the standard definition of diarrhoea (> or = 3 liquid or semi-liquid stools in 24 h) the effect of vitamin A on mean daily prevalence did not reach significance, but as the definition of diarrhoea was made more stringent (increasing number of stools per day), a significant benefit became apparent, reaching for diarrhoea with 6 or more liquid or semi-liquid stools in 24 h a 23% lower prevalence. We found no effect of vitamin A supplementation on the incidence of ALRI. The reduction in severity of diarrhoea may be the most important factor in the lowering of mortality by vitamin A supplementation.
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              THE NECESSITY OF CERTAIN LIPINS IN THE DIET DURING GROWTH

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                hcsm
                História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos
                Hist. cienc. saude-Manguinhos
                Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4758
                December 2007
                : 14
                : 4
                : 1341-1356
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de Brasília Brazil
                Article
                S0104-59702007000400013
                10.1590/S0104-59702007000400013
                2699ee04-68d7-4850-8edf-7f0f1c3ee235

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-5970&lng=en
                Categories
                HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

                Philosophy of science
                Manoel da Gama Lobo,vitamin A deficiency,history of food and nutrition in Brazil,Brazilian slave society,deficiência de vitamina A,história da alimentação e nutrição no Brasil,sociedade escravocrata brasileira

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