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      Estrutura do Programa em Treinamento de Docência na Residência: Residente como Professor Translated title: Structure of The Teaching Training Program in Residency: The Resident as a Teacher

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Introdução Na residência médica, os residentes exercem o duplo papel de professor e aprendiz. Treinamentos de como ensinar residentes a exercer a função de docência com qualidade estão sendo implementados em todo o mundo e são denominados programas de Residente como Professor (Resident as Teacher – RaT). De acordo com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina, pode-se aprender a estabelecer objetivos educacionais e matriz de competência, além de habilidades como comunicação, empatia, mediação de conflitos, entre outras. A implementação desses programas deve ser baseada na compreensão do contexto de cada residência médica na qual se deseja inseri-los, e os residentes também devem conhecer as potencialidades de cada cenário de atuação da sua especialidade para promover uma docência eficaz. Objetivo O objetivo do estudo foi o desenvolvimento de uma estrutura de programa de treinamento de docência (RaT) dividido em módulos e detalhado com suas respectivas referências bibliográficas. Metodologia Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre ensino médico e testaram-se alguns métodos em cenário de prática durante uma dissertação de mestrado, utilizando a técnica SNAPPS, e durante uma tese de doutorado, utilizando a técnica OMP. Resultado Foi construído um programa de treinamento de docência nas residências médicas baseado nos resultados positivos encontrados na literatura sobre ensino médico. Propõe-se que cada módulo tenha a duração de um mês aproximadamente, com atividades de um turno por semana. O formato da discussão pode variar de acordo com cada especialidade e com o número de residentes de cada programa. Sugere-se a realização de flipped classroom (sala de aula invertida) com o envio do referencial bibliográfico de suporte sobre os temas aos residentes por e-mail uma semana antes da realização de cada módulo. Diversas atividades podem ser postas em prática em cada módulo para sedimentação do material estudado. Conclusão Após a estruturação de um roteiro a ser implementado pelos programas de residência médica no Brasil, espera-se que os residentes desempenhem com maior eficácia o papel que muitos já exercem na prática e que consequentemente o nível de aprendizagem dos alunos de graduação e internos melhore.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction In medical residency, residents play the dual role of teachers and learners. Training programs aiming at teaching residents how to become teachers are being implemented around the world and are referred to as ‘Resident as teacher’ (RaT) programs. According to the National Curricular Guidelines of the Medical Undergraduate Course, one can learn to establish educational goals and competence matrix, as well as skills such as communication, empathy, mediation of conflicts, among others. The implementation of these programs should be based on the understanding of the context of each medical residency where they are to be included and the residents should also know the potential of each scenario of their specialty to promote an effective teaching. Objective The objective of the study was the development of the structure of a Teaching Training Program (Resident as Teacher) divided into modules and detailed with their respective bibliographical references. Method a literature review was performed on medical education and some methods were tested in a practice scenario during a master’s degree dissertation, using the SNAPPS technique, and during a doctoral thesis presentation using the OMP technique. Outcome A Teaching Training Program was built in medical residencies based on the positive results found in the medical education literature. It is proposed that each module has a duration of approximately one month, with activities lasting one shift per week. The format of the discussion may vary with each specialty and with the number of residents in each program. It is suggested that a flipped classroom situation be carried out, sending the bibliographic reference of support on the subjects to the residents by email one week before the completion of each module. Several activities can be implemented in each module to consolidate the studied material. Conclusion After structuring a script to be implemented by the residency programs in Brazil, residents are expected to more effectively play the role that many already exercise in practice and that the level of learning of undergraduate and internship students consequently improves.

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          Adult learning theories: implications for learning and teaching in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 83.

          There are many theories that explain how adults learn and each has its own merits. This Guide explains and explores the more commonly used ones and how they can be used to enhance student and faculty learning. The Guide presents a model that combines many of the theories into a flow diagram which can be followed by anyone planning learning. The schema can be used at curriculum planning level, or at the level of individual learning. At each stage of the model, the Guide identifies the responsibilities of both learner and educator. The role of the institution is to ensure that the time and resources are available to allow effective learning to happen. The Guide is designed for those new to education, in the hope that it can unravel the difficulties in understanding and applying the common learning theories, whilst also creating opportunities for debate as to the best way they should be used.
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            Systematic review of the literature on assessment, feedback and physicians' clinical performance: BEME Guide No. 7.

            There is a basis for the assumption that feedback can be used to enhance physicians' performance. Nevertheless, the findings of empirical studies of the impact of feedback on clinical performance have been equivocal. To summarize evidence related to the impact of assessment and feedback on physicians' clinical performance. The authors searched the literature from 1966 to 2003 using MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, the Science Citation Index and eight other electronic databases. A total of 3702 citations were identified. Empirical studies were selected involving the baseline measurement of physicians' performance and follow-up measurement after they received summaries of their performance. Data were extracted on research design, sample, dependent and independent variables using a written protocol. A group of 220 studies involving primary data collection was identified. However, only 41 met all selection criteria and evaluated the independent effect of feedback on physician performance. Of these, 32 (74%) demonstrated a positive impact. Feedback was more likely to be effective when provided by an authoritative source over an extended period of time. Another subset of 132 studies examined the effect of feedback combined with other interventions such as educational programmes, practice guidelines and reminders. Of these, 106 studies (77%) demonstrated a positive impact. Two additional subsets of 29 feedback studies involving resident physicians in training and 18 studies examining proxy measures of physician performance across clinical sites or groups of patients were reviewed. The majority of these two subsets also reported that feedback had positive effects on performance. Feedback can change physicians' clinical performance when provided systematically over multiple years by an authoritative, credible source. The effects of formal assessment and feedback on physician performance are influenced by the source and duration of feedback. Other factors, such as physicians' active involvement in the process, the amount of information reported, the timing and amount of feedback, and other concurrent interventions, such as education, guidelines, reminder systems and incentives, also appear to be important. However, the independent contributions of these interventions have not been well documented in controlled studies. It is recommended that the designers of future theoretical as well as practical studies of feedback separate the effects of feedback from other concurrent interventions.
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              O modelo das competências profissionais no mundo do trabalho e na educação: implicações para o currículo

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbem
                Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica
                Rev. bras. educ. med.
                Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-5502
                1981-5271
                March 2019
                : 43
                : 1 suppl 1
                : 341-348
                Affiliations
                [2] Uberlândia Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia Brazil
                [3] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [4] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade de Fortaleza Brazil
                [1] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameCentro Universitário Christus Brazil
                Article
                S0100-55022019000500341 S0100-5502(19)04300100341
                10.1590/1981-5271v43suplemento1-20190148
                26182f71-5cac-4440-98ac-388e07ff1d8c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 September 2019
                : 31 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Educação médica,Medicina,Gestão do conhecimento,Internship and residency,Medical education,Medicine,Knowledge management,Internato e residência

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