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      El Sida y la violencia estructural: La culpabilización de la víctima

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          Abstract

          En este artículo presentamos cómo algunos de las publicaciones principales elaboradas por organismos internacionales de salud y por equipos de investigación tienden a reproducir la manera según la cual, con frecuencia, se acusa a las personas que tienen Vih/Sida de padecer la enfermedad. Estos documentos no tienen en cuenta que en la gran mayoría de casos el Vih/Sida está causado por las fuerzas de una violencia estructural frente a las cuales a las personas afectadas les resulta difícil desarrollar y llevar a la práctica una mínima autonomía individual o colectiva. Concluimos que algunas políticas y recomendaciones de salud reproducen una ideología que culpabiliza a la víctima, lo cual sitúa la causa del sufrimiento y de la pobreza de las personas que viven con Vih/Sida en su propia falta de autonomía y no en las fuerzas sociales, políticas e históricas que se escapan a su control.

          Translated abstract

          In this paper we analyze how some of the main publications prepared by international health organizations and research teams tend, all too often, to blame the HIV patient for suffering the disease. These documents do not take into account that, in the great majority of cases, HIV/AIDS is caused by structural violence, which make difficult the development of individual and collective agency. We argue that some health policies and recommendations reproduce the ideology of blaming the victim, which places the cause of suffering and the poverty of people living with HIV on their own lack of agency, and not on social, political, and historical forces that are inescapably beyond their control.

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          Most cited references63

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          Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial.

          The AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 076 zidovudine prophylaxis regimen for HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their babies has been associated with a significant decrease in vertical HIV-1 transmission in non-breastfeeding women in developed countries. We compared the safety and efficacy of short-course nevirapine or zidovudine during labour and the first week of life. From November, 1997, to April, 1999, we enrolled 626 HIV-1-infected pregnant women at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. We randomly assigned mothers nevirapine 200 mg orally at onset of labour and 2 mg/kg to babies within 72 h of birth, or zidovudine 600 mg orally to the mother at onset of labour and 300 mg every 3 h until delivery, and 4 mg/kg orally twice daily to babies for 7 days after birth. We tested babies for HIV-1 infection at birth, 6-8 weeks, and 14-16 weeks by HIV-1 RNA PCR. We assessed HIV-1 transmission and HIV-1-free survival with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Nearly all babies (98.8%) were breastfed, and 95.6% were still breastfeeding at age 14-16 weeks. The estimated risks of HIV-1 transmission in the zidovudine and nevirapine groups were: 10.4% and 8.2% at birth (p=0.354); 21.3% and 11.9% by age 6-8 weeks (p=0.0027); and 25.1% and 13.1% by age 14-16 weeks (p=0.0006). The efficacy of nevirapine compared with zidovudine was 47% (95% CI 20-64) up to age 14-16 weeks. The two regimens were well tolerated and adverse events were similar in the two groups. Nevirapine lowered the risk of HIV-1 transmission during the first 14-16 weeks of life by nearly 50% in a breastfeeding population. This simple and inexpensive regimen could decrease mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in less-developed countries.
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            Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity.

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              Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cas
                Cuadernos de antropología social
                Cuad. antropol. soc.
                Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección de Antropología Social (Buenos Aires )
                1850-275X
                August 2003
                : 0
                : 17
                : 29-47
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Harvard University USA
                [2 ] Harvard University USA
                Article
                S1850-275X2003000100003
                25f90da0-fb69-49df-903b-a7294f74c8cc

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1850-275X&lng=en
                Categories
                ANTHROPOLOGY

                Anthropology
                HIV/AIDS,Structural violence,Poverty,Stigma,Haiti,Vih/Sida,Violencia estructural,Pobreza,Estigma,Haití
                Anthropology
                HIV/AIDS, Structural violence, Poverty, Stigma, Haiti, Vih/Sida, Violencia estructural, Pobreza, Estigma, Haití

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