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      Sleep-related healthcare use prevalence among adults with insomnia symptoms in Hebei, China: a population-based cross-sectional study

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          Abstract

          Objective

          This study investigated the prevalence of sleep-related healthcare use and the factors associated with it among adults with different insomnia symptoms.

          Design and setting

          This was a population-based study with a cross-sectional design conducted in Hebei province, China.

          Participants

          Participants were community residents aged 18 years and above; a total of 21 376 valid questionnaires were analysed.

          Primary and secondary outcome measures

          The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to evaluate participants’ insomnia symptoms. Variables such as sleep-related healthcare use, chronic disease, living alone and sociodemographics were assessed for all the participants.

          Results

          Among adults with any insomnia symptoms, only 2.1% used sleep-related healthcare in the past year. Even for adults with insomnia, the prevalence of sleep-related healthcare use was only 6.2%. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of sleep-related healthcare use among adults with sleep induction, night awakenings, earlier awakening, sleep duration, sleep quality, daytime well-being, daytime functioning, and daytime sleepiness were 3.1%, 2.9%, 3.6%, 3.4%, 3.9%, 4.9%, 4.6% and 2.8%, respectively. The following factors were associated with sleep-related healthcare use among adults with insomnia: male (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.52, p<0.01), younger age (aOR=1.02, p<0.01), rural region (aOR=0.45, p<0.001) and AIS score (aOR=1.23, p<0.001). The same factors were also associated with sleep-related healthcare use among adults with insomnia symptoms.

          Conclusions

          The prevalence of sleep-related healthcare use among adults with insomnia symptoms is very low. Young men from rural areas with insomnia symptoms tend not to use healthcare. As such, it is necessary to form policies and strategies to promote sleep-related healthcare use among rural young men with insomnia symptoms.

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          Most cited references40

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          Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria.

          Constantin R Soldatos, Dimitris Dikeos, Thomas Paparrigopoulos (2000)
          To describe and validate the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). The AIS is a self-assessment psychometric instrument designed for quantifying sleep difficulty based on the ICD-10 criteria. It consists of eight items: the first five pertain to sleep induction, awakenings during the night, final awakening, total sleep duration, and sleep quality; while the last three refer to well-being, functioning capacity, and sleepiness during the day. Either the entire eight-item scale (AIS-8) or the brief five-item version (AIS-5), which contains only the first five items, can be utilized. The validation of the AIS was based on its administration to 299 subjects: 105 primary insomniacs, 144 psychiatric patients and 50 non-patient controls. Regarding internal consistency, for both versions of the scale, the Cronbach's alpha was around 0. 90 and the mean item-total correlation coefficient was about 0.70. Moreover, in the factor analysis, the scale emerged as a sole component. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient was found almost 0.90 at a 1-week interval. As far as external validity is concerned, the correlations of the AIS-8 and AIS-5 with the Sleep Problems Scale were 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. The high measures of consistency, reliability, and validity of the AIS make it an invaluable tool in sleep research and clinical practice.
          Article 0 comments Cited 336 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Epidemiology of insomnia: prevalence, self-help treatments, consultations, and determinants of help-seeking behaviors.

            C. M. Morin, M. Leblanc, M. Daley … (2006)
            To estimate the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and syndrome in the general population, describe the types of self-help treatments and consultations initiated for insomnia, and examine help-seeking determinants. A randomly selected sample of 2001 French-speaking adults from the province of Quebec (Canada) responded to a telephone survey about sleep, insomnia, and its treatments. Of the total sample, 25.3% were dissatisfied with their sleep, 29.9% reported insomnia symptoms, and 9.5% met criteria for an insomnia syndrome. Thirteen percent of the respondents had consulted a healthcare provider specifically for insomnia in their lifetime, with general practitioners being the most frequently consulted. Daytime fatigue (48%), psychological distress (40%), and physical discomfort (22%) were the main determinants prompting individuals with insomnia to seek treatment. Of the total sample, 15% had used at least once herbal/dietary products to facilitate sleep and 11% had used prescribed sleep medications in the year preceding the survey. Other self-help strategies employed to facilitate sleep included reading, listening to music, and relaxation. These findings confirm the high prevalence of insomnia in the general population. While few insomnia sufferers seek professional consultations, many individuals initiate self-help treatments, particularly when daytime impairments such as fatigue become more noticeable. Improved knowledge of the determinants of help-seeking behaviors could guide the development of effective public health prevention and intervention programs to promote healthy sleep.
            Article 0 comments Cited 309 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Assessing insomnia in adolescents: comparison of Insomnia Severity Index, Athens Insomnia Scale and Sleep Quality Index.

              Ka-Fai Chung, Katherine Ka-Ki Kan, Wing-Fai Yeung (2011)
              To compare the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Sleep Quality Index (SQI) for assessment and screening of insomnia in adolescents.
              Article 0 comments Cited 150 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMJ Open
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMJ Open
                Journal ID (hwp): bmjopen
                Journal ID (publisher-id): bmjopen
                Title: BMJ Open
                Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2044-6055
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 August 2022
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: e057331
                Affiliations
                [1 ]departmentCentre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine , Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
                [2 ]NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University) , Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
                [3 ]departmentHebei Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders , Hebei provincial Mental Health Center , Baoding, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
                [4 ]departmentDepartment of Sleep medicine , The Sixth Clinical Medical College of Hebei University , Baoding, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Professor Yunshu Zhang; yunshucoffee@ 123456sina.com
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-8427
                Article
                Publisher ID: bmjopen-2021-057331
                DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057331
                PMC ID: 9389099
                PubMed ID: 35977764
                SO-VID: 25d1ce9b-7efc-4e42-8a3c-0db0c8d3f87e
                Copyright © © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See:  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 18 September 2021
                Date accepted : 18 July 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 71603149 and 71974114
                Funded by: Hebei 333 talent project;
                Award ID: C20221108
                Categories
                Subject: Health Services Research
                Subject: 1506
                Subject: 1704
                Series title: Original research
                Custom metadata
                special-feature unlocked

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: organisation of health services,sleep medicine,epidemiology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: organisation of health services, sleep medicine, epidemiology

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