Early selection for resistance to cacao witches’ broom in new parental combinations <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Seleção precoce para resistência à vassoura-de-bruxa do cacaueiro em novas combinações parentais </span>

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Progenies from 69 crosses between parents obtained by recurrent selection for resistance and yield were inoculated with Moniliophthora perniciosa basidiospores. The symptoms were evaluated and compared with those in the equally inoculated progenies of Catongo, SIC 23 and SCA 6. Forty-three of the new progenies did not differ statistically from SCA 6, while 10 new progenies were statistically better than this control. The female parents that can be highlighted are (P4B x SCA 6), (MA 16 x SCA 6), (CEPEC 86 x SCA 6), and the EET 75 clone. The best male parents were (CAB 214), (CAB 208) and (P4B x OC 67), which did not differ from each other. This study proved the existence of gene combinations between fathers and mothers, the occurrence of additive effects and the dominant inheritance of these factors, which should allow the selection of clones with higher resistance levels and durability.

Translated abstract

RESUMO Progênies de 69 cruzamentos entre genitores obtidos por seleção recorrente para resistência e produtividade foram inoculadas com basidiósporos de Moniliophthora perniciosa. Os sintomas foram avaliados e comparados com aqueles nas progênies de Catongo, SIC 23 e SCA 6, igualmente inoculadas. Quarenta e três das novas progênies não diferiram estatisticamente de SCA 6, enquanto 10 novas progênies foram estatisticamente melhores do que esse controle. Os genitores femininos que podem ser destacados são (P4B x SCA 6), (MA 16 x SCA 6), (CEPEC 86 x SCA 6) e o clone EET 75. Os melhores genitores do sexo masculino foram (CAB 214), (CAB 208) e (P4B x OC 67), que não diferiram entre si. Este estudo comprovou a existência de combinações gênicas entre pais e mães, a ocorrência de efeitos aditivos e a dominância na herança desses fatores, o que deve permitir a seleção de clones com maiores níveis de resistência e durabilidade.

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Cacao breeding in Bahia, Brazil: strategies and results

Uilson Lopes, Wilson Reis Monteiro, José Pires … (2011)

Cacao was introduced in Bahia in 1756, becoming later the largest producer state in the country. In order to support the planting of cacao in the region, a breeding program was established by CEPEC at the beginning of the 1970s. For a long time, the program consisted in testing new hybrids (full-sibs) and releasing a mixture of the best ones to farmers. Lately, particularly after the witches´ broom arrival in the region, in 1989, recurrent breeding strategies were implemented, aiming mainly the development of clones. From 1993 to 2010, more than 500 progenies, accumulating 30 thousand trees, were developed by crossing many parents with resistance to witches´ broom, high yield and other traits. In this period, more than 500 clones were put in trials and 39 clones and 3 hybrids were released to farmers. In this paper the strategies and results achieved by the program are reviewed. Overall the program has good interface with pathology and genomic programs.

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Sources of resistance to Crinipellis perniciosa in progenies of cacao accessions collected in the Brazilian Amazon

Valéria Paim, Edna Luz, José Pires … (2006)

The witches' broom disease caused by the fungus Crinipellis perniciosa is the main phytossanitary constraint for cacao production in Brazil. The integrated management of the disease involves resistance as one of the components. The breeding program conducted by the Brazilian Institution, CEPLAC is directed toward the pyramidation of resistance genes from different sources to achieve a more durable resistance. This study aimed to identify sources of resistance in progenies of cacao accessions collected in the basins of ten Amazonian rivers and compared to progenies from the Peruvian clones 'Scavina 6' and 'Sacavina 12'. Progenies from 40 Amazonian accessions and 'Scavina' were evaluated in the field for six years for witches' broom resistance through multivariate and repeated measurement analyses evaluating the effect of progeny, area, block, year, and their interactions. There were differences in the mean number of vegetative brooms on some Amazonian progenies and 'Scavina' descendants. There was an increase in the number of vegetative brooms in the last year for 'Scavina' progenies, but that was not observed for the Amazonian progenies 64, 66, 156, 194, 195, 269 and 274. There were different gene/alleles for resistance in the Amazonian progenies in comparison to the traditional 'Scavina' accessions. These new sources of resistance will be important for pyramiding resistance genes and consequently increasing the stability and durability of the resistance to witches' broom.