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      Peroxy natural products

      review-article
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      Natural Products and Bioprospecting
      Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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          Abstract

          This review covers the structures and biological activities of peroxy natural products from a wide variety of terrestrial fungi, higher plants, and marine organisms. Syntheses that confirm or revise structures or stereochemistries have also been included, and 406 references are cited.

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          Most cited references400

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          The lipoxygenase pathway.

          Lipid peroxidation is common to all biological systems, both appearing in developmentally and environmentally regulated processes of plants. The hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acids, synthesized by the action of various highly specialized forms of lipoxygenases, are substrates of at least seven different enzyme families. Signaling compounds such as jasmonates, antimicrobial and antifungal compounds such as leaf aldehydes or divinyl ethers, and a plant-specific blend of volatiles including leaf alcohols are among the numerous products. Cloning of many lipoxygenases and other key enzymes within the lipoxygenase pathway, as well as analyses by reverse genetic and metabolic profiling, revealed new reactions and the first hints of enzyme mechanisms, multiple functions, and regulation. These aspects are reviewed with respect to activation of this pathway as an initial step in the interaction of plants with pathogens, insects, or abiotic stress and at distinct stages of development.
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            Biosynthesis of oxylipins in non-mammals.

            Lipid peroxidation is common to all biological systems, appearing in developmentally-regulated processes and as a response to environmental changes. Products derived from lipid peroxidation are collectively named oxylipins. Initial lipid peroxidation may either occur by enzymatic or chemical reactions. An array of alternative reactions further converting lipid hydroperoxides gives rise to a large variety of oxylipin classes, some with reported signaling functions in plants, fungi, algae or animals. The structural diversity of oxylipins is further increased by their occurrence either as esters in complex lipids or as free (non-esterified) fatty acid derivatives. The enzymes involved in oxylipin metabolism are diverse and comprise a multitude of examples with interesting and unusual catalytic properties. This review aims at giving an overview on plant, fungal, algal and bacterial oxylipins and the enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis.
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              De novo synthesis of substituted pyridines

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                liu_dz@tib.cas.cn
                jkliu@mail.kib.ac.cn
                Journal
                Nat Prod Bioprospect
                Nat Prod Bioprospect
                Natural Products and Bioprospecting
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                2192-2195
                2192-2209
                6 September 2013
                6 September 2013
                October 2013
                : 3
                : 5
                : 161-206
                Affiliations
                [ ]Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308 China
                [ ]State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
                Article
                42
                10.1007/s13659-013-0042-7
                4131620
                25309d91-0981-41c4-8636-e1c8fe5ba06e
                © The Author(s) 2013
                History
                : 16 June 2013
                : 5 August 2013
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2013

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