The Role of the Employer in Supporting Work Participation of Workers with Disabilities: A Systematic Literature Review Using an Interdisciplinary Approach

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Abstract

Purpose There is growing awareness that the employer plays an important role in preventing early labor market exit of workers with poor health. This systematic review aims to explore the employer characteristics associated with work participation of workers with disabilities. An interdisciplinary approach was used to capture relevant characteristics at all organizational levels. Methods To identify relevant longitudinal observational studies, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and EconLit. Three key concepts were central to the search: (a) employer characteristics, (b) work participation, including continued employment, return to work and long-term work disability, and (c) chronic diseases. Results The search strategy resulted in 4456 articles. In total 50 articles met the inclusion criteria. We found 14 determinants clustered in four domains: work accommodations, social support, organizational culture and company characteristics. On supervisor level, strong evidence was found for an association between work accommodations and continued employment and return to work. Moderate evidence was found for an association between social support and return to work. On higher organizational level, weak evidence was found for an association between organizational culture and return to work. Inconsistent evidence was found for an association between company characteristics and the three work outcomes. Conclusions Our review indicates the importance of different employer efforts for work participation of workers with disabilities. Workplace programs aimed at facilitating work accommodations and supervisor support can contribute to the prevention of early labor market exit of workers with poor health. Further research is needed on the influence of organizational culture and company characteristics on work participation.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10926-021-09978-3.

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Most cited references 80

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Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews

Mourad Ouzzani, Hossam Hammady, Zbys Fedorowicz … (2017)

Background Synthesis of multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in a systematic review can summarize the effects of individual outcomes and provide numerical answers about the effectiveness of interventions. Filtering of searches is time consuming, and no single method fulfills the principal requirements of speed with accuracy. Automation of systematic reviews is driven by a necessity to expedite the availability of current best evidence for policy and clinical decision-making. We developed Rayyan (http://rayyan.qcri.org), a free web and mobile app, that helps expedite the initial screening of abstracts and titles using a process of semi-automation while incorporating a high level of usability. For the beta testing phase, we used two published Cochrane reviews in which included studies had been selected manually. Their searches, with 1030 records and 273 records, were uploaded to Rayyan. Different features of Rayyan were tested using these two reviews. We also conducted a survey of Rayyan’s users and collected feedback through a built-in feature. Results Pilot testing of Rayyan focused on usability, accuracy against manual methods, and the added value of the prediction feature. The “taster” review (273 records) allowed a quick overview of Rayyan for early comments on usability. The second review (1030 records) required several iterations to identify the previously identified 11 trials. The “suggestions” and “hints,” based on the “prediction model,” appeared as testing progressed beyond five included studies. Post rollout user experiences and a reflexive response by the developers enabled real-time modifications and improvements. The survey respondents reported 40% average time savings when using Rayyan compared to others tools, with 34% of the respondents reporting more than 50% time savings. In addition, around 75% of the respondents mentioned that screening and labeling studies as well as collaborating on reviews to be the two most important features of Rayyan. As of November 2016, Rayyan users exceed 2000 from over 60 countries conducting hundreds of reviews totaling more than 1.6M citations. Feedback from users, obtained mostly through the app web site and a recent survey, has highlighted the ease in exploration of searches, the time saved, and simplicity in sharing and comparing include-exclude decisions. The strongest features of the app, identified and reported in user feedback, were its ability to help in screening and collaboration as well as the time savings it affords to users. Conclusions Rayyan is responsive and intuitive in use with significant potential to lighten the load of reviewers.

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Assessing bias in studies of prognostic factors.

Jill Hayden, Danielle van der Windt, Jennifer L Cartwright … (2013)

Previous work has identified 6 important areas to consider when evaluating validity and bias in studies of prognostic factors: participation, attrition, prognostic factor measurement, confounding measurement and account, outcome measurement, and analysis and reporting. This article describes the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool, which includes questions related to these areas that can inform judgments of risk of bias in prognostic research.A working group comprising epidemiologists, statisticians, and clinicians developed the tool as they considered prognosis studies of low back pain. Forty-three groups reviewing studies addressing prognosis in other topic areas used the tool and provided feedback. Most reviewers (74%) reported that reaching consensus on judgments was easy. Median completion time per study was 20 minutes; interrater agreement (κ statistic) reported by 9 review teams varied from 0.56 to 0.82 (median, 0.75). Some reviewers reported challenges making judgments across prompting items, which were addressed by providing comprehensive guidance and examples. The refined Quality In Prognosis Studies tool may be useful to assess the risk of bias in studies of prognostic factors.

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Psychosocial work environment and stress-related disorders, a systematic review.

K. Nieuwenhuijsen, D Bruinvels, M. Frings-Dresen (2010)

Knowledge on the impact of the psychosocial work environment on the occurrence of stress-related disorders (SRDs) can assist occupational physicians in the assessment of the work-relatedness of these disorders. To systematically review the contribution of work-related psychosocial risk factors to SRDs. A systematic review of the literature was carried out by searching Medline, PsycINFO and Embase for studies published up until October 2008. Studies eligible for inclusion were prospective cohort studies or patient-control studies of workers at risk for SRDs. Studies were included in the review when data on the association between exposure to psychosocial work factors and the occurrence of SRDs were presented. Where possible, meta-analysis was conducted to obtain summary odds ratios of the association. The strength of the evidence was assessed using four levels of evidence. From the 2426 studies identified, seven prospective studies were included in this review. Strong evidence was found that high job demands, low job control, low co-worker support, low supervisor support, low procedural justice, low relational justice and a high effort-reward imbalance predicted the incidence of SRDs. This systematic review points to the potential of preventing SRDs by improving the psychosocial work environment. However, more prospective studies are needed on the remaining factors, exposure assessment and the relative contributions of single factors, in order to enable consistent assessment of the work-relatedness of SRDs by occupational physicians.

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Author and article information

Contributors

J. Jansen:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-0888

j.jansen@umcg.nl

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Occup Rehabil

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Occup Rehabil

Title: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation

Publisher: Springer US (New York )

ISSN (Print): 1053-0487

ISSN (Electronic): 1573-3688

Publication date (Electronic): 12 May 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 12 May 2021

Publication date (Print): 2021

Volume: 31

Issue: 4

Pages: 916-949

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, ; Groningen, The Netherlands

[2 ]GRID grid.4830.f, ISNI 0000 0004 0407 1981, Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, , University of Groningen, ; Groningen, The Netherlands

[3 ]GRID grid.12380.38, ISNI 0000 0004 1754 9227, Department of Economics, , VU University Amsterdam, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands

[4 ]GRID grid.5132.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2312 1970, Department of Economics, , Leiden University, ; Leiden, The Netherlands

[5 ]GRID grid.16872.3a, ISNI 0000 0004 0435 165X, Department of Public and Occupational Health, , Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Author information

J. Jansen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-0888

Article

Publisher ID: 9978

DOI: 10.1007/s10926-021-09978-3

PMC ID: 8558169

PubMed ID: 33978875

SO-VID: 2522d969-0af6-4384-94f4-8206f2442f25

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date accepted : 16 April 2021

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003779, Instituut Gak;

Award ID: 2018-933

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Occupational & Environmental medicine

Keywords: people with disabilities,return to work,employment,social support,workplace

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Occupational & Environmental medicine

Keywords: people with disabilities, return to work, employment, social support, workplace

The Role of the Employer in Supporting Work Participation of Workers with Disabilities: A Systematic Literature Review Using an Interdisciplinary Approach

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Annals of Family Medicine: COVID-19

Most cited references 80

Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews

Assessing bias in studies of prognostic factors.

Psychosocial work environment and stress-related disorders, a systematic review.

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