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      Characterization of teaching-learning tutors in public health services and topics of interest for their work Translated title: Caracterización de los tutores de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los servicios de salud pública y temas de interés para su actuación Translated title: Caracterização dos tutores de ensino-aprendizagem em serviços públicos de saúde e temas de interesse para atuação

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          To describe the profile of teaching-learning tutors in public health services and investigate which topics are of greatest interest in development spaces for these actors.

          Method:

          Cross-sectional study. Eligible tutors of Health Care Planning. Data collection using an electronic questionnaire composed of closed questions on sociodemographic characteristics, training and performance. Chi-square test used to compare proportions according to tutor typologies.

          Results:

          A total of 614 tutors worked in Brazil’s five geographic regions, the majority in primary care (82%), followed by state/regional work (13%) and specialized outpatient care (5%). The majority reported being female, of brown skin color, from the nursing field, having worked as a tutor for less than a year, and with no previous experience in preceptorship or similar. The most important topics were Health Care Networks, risk stratification for chronic conditions and the functions of specialized outpatient care.

          Conclusion:

          The predominance of certain characteristics among tutors was identified, with differences between the types of work. The findings can support managers in the process of selecting and developing tutors in Health Care Planning.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          Descrever o perfil de tutores de ensino-aprendizagem em serviços públicos de saúde e investigar quais são os temas de maior interesse em espaços de desenvolvimento desses atores.

          Método:

          Estudo transversal. Elegíveis tutores da Planificação da Atenção à Saúde. Coleta de dados por questionário eletrônico composto por questões fechadas sobre características sociodemográficas, formação e atuação. Teste Qui-quadrado utilizado para comparar proporções segundo tipologias de tutor.

          Resultados:

          Considerados 614 tutores, que atuavam nas cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras, sendo a maioria na Atenção Primária (82%), seguido por atuação estadual/regional (13%) e na Atenção Ambulatorial Especializada (5%). A maioria referiu ser mulher, de cor da pele parda, da área de enfermagem, atuação como tutor há menos de 1 ano, e sem experiência prévia em preceptoria ou similar. Temas considerados mais importantes destacam-se Redes de Atenção à Saúde, estratificação de risco de condições crônicas e funções da Atenção Ambulatorial Especializada.

          Conclusão:

          Identificou-se a predominância de algumas características entre tutores, com diferenças entre as tipologias de atuação. Os achados podem apoiar gestores no processo de seleção e desenvolvimento de tutores na Planificação.

          RESUMEN

          Objetivo:

          Describir el perfil de los tutores de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los servicios de salud pública e investigar los temas de mayor interés en espacios de desarrollo de estos actores.

          Método:

          Se trata de un estudio transversal con Tutores Elegibles de Planificación de la atención en salud; con datos recopilados mediante cuestionario electrónico de preguntas cerradas sobre características sociodemográficas, formación y actuación. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para comparar las proporciones según las tipologías del tutor.

          Resultados:

          Se consideraron 614 tutores que trabajaban en las cinco regiones geográficas del Brasil, la mayoría en Atención Primaria (82%), seguido de actuación estatal/regional (13%) y Atención Ambulatoria Especializada (5%). La mayoría declaró ser mujer, de piel morena, del ámbito de la enfermería, con menos de un año de actuación como tutora y sin experiencia previa como preceptora o similar. Los temas más importantes fueron las Redes de la Atención en Salud, la estratificación del riesgo de las enfermedades crónicas y el papel de la Atención Ambulatoria Especializada.

          Conclusión:

          Se identificó el predominio de ciertas características entre los tutores, distintas según los tipos de actuación. Las conclusiones pueden servir de apoyo a los gestores en el proceso de selección y desarrollo de los tutores en Planificación.

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          Most cited references33

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          Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.

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            COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak

            Policies and public health efforts have not addressed the gendered impacts of disease outbreaks. 1 The response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears no different. We are not aware of any gender analysis of the outbreak by global health institutions or governments in affected countries or in preparedness phases. Recognising the extent to which disease outbreaks affect women and men differently is a fundamental step to understanding the primary and secondary effects of a health emergency on different individuals and communities, and for creating effective, equitable policies and interventions. Although sex-disaggregated data for COVID-19 show equal numbers of cases between men and women so far, there seem to be sex differences in mortality and vulnerability to the disease. 2 Emerging evidence suggests that more men than women are dying, potentially due to sex-based immunological 3 or gendered differences, such as patterns and prevalence of smoking. 4 However, current sex-disaggregated data are incomplete, cautioning against early assumptions. Simultaneously, data from the State Council Information Office in China suggest that more than 90% of health-care workers in Hubei province are women, emphasising the gendered nature of the health workforce and the risk that predominantly female health workers incur. 5 The closure of schools to control COVID-19 transmission in China, Hong Kong, Italy, South Korea, and beyond might have a differential effect on women, who provide most of the informal care within families, with the consequence of limiting their work and economic opportunities. Travel restrictions cause financial challenges and uncertainty for mostly female foreign domestic workers, many of whom travel in southeast Asia between the Philippines, Indonesia, Hong Kong, and Singapore. 6 Consideration is further needed of the gendered implications of quarantine, such as whether women and men's different physical, cultural, security, and sanitary needs are recognised. Experience from past outbreaks shows the importance of incorporating a gender analysis into preparedness and response efforts to improve the effectiveness of health interventions and promote gender and health equity goals. During the 2014–16 west African outbreak of Ebola virus disease, gendered norms meant that women were more likely to be infected by the virus, given their predominant roles as caregivers within families and as front-line health-care workers. 7 Women were less likely than men to have power in decision making around the outbreak, and their needs were largely unmet. 8 For example, resources for reproductive and sexual health were diverted to the emergency response, contributing to a rise in maternal mortality in a region with one of the highest rates in the world. 9 During the Zika virus outbreak, differences in power between men and women meant that women did not have autonomy over their sexual and reproductive lives, 10 which was compounded by their inadequate access to health care and insufficient financial resources to travel to hospitals for check-ups for their children, despite women doing most of the community vector control activities. 11 Given their front-line interaction with communities, it is concerning that women have not been fully incorporated into global health security surveillance, detection, and prevention mechanisms. Women's socially prescribed care roles typically place them in a prime position to identify trends at the local level that might signal the start of an outbreak and thus improve global health security. Although women should not be further burdened, particularly considering much of their labour during health crises goes underpaid or unpaid, incorporating women's voices and knowledge could be empowering and improve outbreak preparedness and response. Despite the WHO Executive Board recognising the need to include women in decision making for outbreak preparedness and response, 12 there is inadequate women's representation in national and global COVID-19 policy spaces, such as in the White House Coronavirus Task Force. 13 © 2020 Miguel Medina/Contributor/Getty Images 2020 Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. If the response to disease outbreaks such as COVID-19 is to be effective and not reproduce or perpetuate gender and health inequities, it is important that gender norms, roles, and relations that influence women's and men's differential vulnerability to infection, exposure to pathogens, and treatment received, as well as how these may differ among different groups of women and men, are considered and addressed. We call on governments and global health institutions to consider the sex and gender effects of the COVID-19 outbreak, both direct and indirect, and conduct an analysis of the gendered impacts of the multiple outbreaks, incorporating the voices of women on the front line of the response to COVID-19 and of those most affected by the disease within preparedness and response policies or practices going forward.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esc Enferm USP
                Rev Esc Enferm USP
                reeusp
                Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
                Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem
                0080-6234
                1980-220X
                29 March 2024
                2024
                : 58
                : e20230268
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Centro de Estudos Pesquisa e Prática em Atenção Primária à Saúde e Redes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Isadora Siqueira de Souza, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 1188, 3º andar, Pinheiros, 01451-001 – São Paulo, SP, Brazil, isadora.souza@ 123456einstein.br

                ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Thiago da Silva Domingos

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-2103
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5477-3645
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-8409
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-5384
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9094-8046
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6539-4395
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7010-919X
                Article
                00410
                10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2023-0268en
                10983846
                38558024
                24b6cf5a-dbfc-4add-9afd-425fd820e55f

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 05 September 2023
                : 17 January 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 04, Tables: 06, References: 30
                Categories
                Original Article

                mentoring,public health services,education, continuing,planning,tutoría,servicios públicos de salud,educación continua,planificación,tutoria,serviços públicos de saúde,educação continuada,planejamento

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