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      Novel NMR Avenues to Explore the Conformation and Interactions of Glycans

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          Abstract

          This perspective article is focused on the presentation of the latest advances in NMR methods and applications that are behind the exciting achievements in the understanding of glycan receptors in molecular recognition events. Different NMR-based methodologies are discussed along with their applications to scrutinize the conformation and dynamics of glycans as well as their interactions with protein receptors.

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          Lipid A modification systems in gram-negative bacteria.

          Christian Raetz, C. Reynolds, M. Trent … (2007)
          The lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide forms the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of most gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli lipid A is synthesized on the cytoplasmic surface of the inner membrane by a conserved pathway of nine constitutive enzymes. Following attachment of the core oligosaccharide, nascent core-lipid A is flipped to the outer surface of the inner membrane by the ABC transporter MsbA, where the O-antigen polymer is attached. Diverse covalent modifications of the lipid A moiety may occur during its transit from the outer surface of the inner membrane to the outer membrane. Lipid A modification enzymes are reporters for lipopolysaccharide trafficking within the bacterial envelope. Modification systems are variable and often regulated by environmental conditions. Although not required for growth, the modification enzymes modulate virulence of some gram-negative pathogens. Heterologous expression of lipid A modification enzymes may enable the development of new vaccines.
          Article 0 comments Cited 360 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            An Improved Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy Experiment Incorporating Bipolar-Gradient Pulses

            D.H. Wu, A.D. Chen, C.S. Johnson (1995)
            Article 0 comments Cited 180 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Multivalent glycoconjugates as anti-pathogenic agents.

              Anna Bernardi, Jesús Jiménez-Barbero, Alessandro Casnati … (2013)
              Multivalency plays a major role in biological processes and particularly in the relationship between pathogenic microorganisms and their host that involves protein-glycan recognition. These interactions occur during the first steps of infection, for specific recognition between host and bacteria, but also at different stages of the immune response. The search for high-affinity ligands for studying such interactions involves the combination of carbohydrate head groups with different scaffolds and linkers generating multivalent glycocompounds with controlled spatial and topology parameters. By interfering with pathogen adhesion, such glycocompounds including glycopolymers, glycoclusters, glycodendrimers and glyconanoparticles have the potential to improve or replace antibiotic treatments that are now subverted by resistance. Multivalent glycoconjugates have also been used for stimulating the innate and adaptive immune systems, for example with carbohydrate-based vaccines. Bacteria present on their surfaces natural multivalent glycoconjugates such as lipopolysaccharides and S-layers that can also be exploited or targeted in anti-infectious strategies.
              Article 0 comments Cited 150 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): ACS Omega
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): ACS Omega
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ao
                Journal ID (coden): acsodf
                Title: ACS Omega
                Publisher: American Chemical Society
                ISSN (Electronic): 2470-1343
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 August 2019
                Publication date Collection: 27 August 2019
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 13618-13630
                Affiliations
                [† ]CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
                [‡ ]SGIker UPV/EHU, Centro Joxe Mari Korta , Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia, Spain
                [§ ]Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
                [∥ ]Department Organic Chemistry II, Faculty Science & Technology, EHU-UPV , 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ]E-mail: jjbarbero@ 123456cicbiogune.es (A.A.).
                [* ]E-mail: aarda@ 123456cicbiogune.es (J.J.-B.).
                Article
                DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01901
                PMC ID: 6714940
                PubMed ID: 31497679
                SO-VID: 248e9219-9386-4abb-8754-57c790512179
                Copyright © Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
                License:

                This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.

                History
                Date received : 25 June 2019
                Date accepted : 02 August 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Perspective
                Custom metadata
                document-id-old-9 ao9b01901
                document-id-new-14 ao-2019-01901a
                ccc-price

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