Measurement of facial movements with Photoshop software during treatment of facial nerve palsy*

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Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Evaluating the function of facial nerve is essential in order to determine the influences of various treatment methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the agreement of Photoshop scaling system versus the facial grading system (FGS).

METHODS:

In this semi-experimental study, thirty subjects with facial nerve paralysis were recruited. The evaluation of all patients before and after the treatment was performed by FGS and Photoshop measurements.

RESULTS:

The mean values of FGS before and after the treatment were 35 ± 25 and 67 ± 24, respectively (p < 0.001). In Photoshop assessment, mean changes of face expressions in the impaired side relative to the normal side in rest position and three main movements of the face were 3.4 ± 0.55 and 4.04 ± 0.49 millimeter before and after the treatment, respectively (p < 0.001). Spearman's correlation coefficient between different values in the two methods was 0.66 (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Evaluating the facial nerve palsy using Photoshop was more objective than using FGS. Therefore, it may be recommended to use this method instead.

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Most cited references 22

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Development of a sensitive clinical facial grading system.

J Nedzelski, G Fradet, Sharona B. Ross (1996)

Clinicians require a reliable and valid method of evaluating facial function after facial nerve injury. This tool should be clinically relevant and easy to administer, provide a quantitative score for reporting purposes, and be sensitive enough to detect clinically important change over time or with treatment. The proposed facial grading system has all essential information, including precise definitions for each item, presented on one page. The facial grading system is based on the evaluation of resting symmetry, degree of voluntary excursion of facial muscles, and degree of synkinesis associated with specified voluntary movement. Different regions of the face are examined separately with the use of five standard expressions. All items are evaluated on point scales, and a cumulative composite score is tabulated. Construct validity was addressed by comparing the proposed facial grading system to prerehabilitation and postrehabilitation treatment scores of 19 patients with varying degrees of facial nerve injury. All patients had documented change in a controlled study of feedback training. The proposed system reports results in a more continuous manner with a wider response range than the House-Brackmann grades. Each component of the grading system is sensitive to change and individually contributes to a change in the composite score. Tests of interrater reliability are currently near completion.

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Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Singapore English and Chinese versions of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in Asians with knee osteoarthritis in Singapore.

F Xie, S-C Li, E M Roos … (2006)

To cross-culturally adapt and validate Singapore English and Chinese versions of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in Singapore. Singapore English and Chinese versions were cross-culturally adapted from the source English KOOS following standard guidelines (including cognitive debriefing). Patients were asked to complete identical questionnaires containing the KOOS, Short Form 36 Health Survey, and EQ-5D twice within 6 days. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), dimensionality using item-to-domain correlations and convergent and divergent construct validity using 14 and 13 a priori hypotheses, respectively. Singapore English and Chinese KOOS versions were well accepted by patients in pilot testing and were therefore administered to a consecutive sample of 127 English and 131 Chinese-speaking Singaporeans with knee OA. Cronbach's alpha exceeded 0.7 for all domains except for Chinese pain and symptoms domains. ICC exceeded 0.7 for all domains except for English sport and recreation and Chinese knee-related QoL domains. Hypothesized item-to-domain correlations (Spearman's rho>or=0.4) were observed for 38 items in English and 29 in Chinese versions. Convergent construct validity was supported by the presence of hypothesized moderate/strong correlations (rho=0.37-0.65) for 13 and 11 a priori hypotheses in the English and Chinese KOOS, respectively. Divergent construct validity was supported by the presence of weak correlations (rho=0.02-0.34) for 12 and 11 a priori hypotheses in the English and Chinese KOOS, respectively. The Singapore English and Chinese KOOS were well accepted and demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity in Asian patients with knee OA in Singapore.

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Facial exercise therapy for facial palsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

K Obara, Rosa M. L. N. Pereira, Simone J. Cardoso … (2011)

The effectiveness of facial exercises therapy for facial palsy has been debated in systematic reviews but its effects are still not totally explained. To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of facial exercise therapy for facial palsy. A search was performed in the following databases: Cochrane Controlled Trials Register Library, Cochrane Disease Group Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, PEDro, Scielo and DARE from 1966 to 2010; the following keywords were used: 'idiopathic facial palsy', 'facial paralysis', 'Bell's palsy', 'physical therapy', 'exercise movement techniques', 'facial exercises', 'mime therapy' 'facial expression', 'massage' and 'randomized controlled trials'. The inclusion criteria were studies with facial exercises, associated or not with mirror biofeedback, to treat facial palsy. One hundred and thirty-two studies were found but only six met the inclusion criteria. All the studies were evaluated by two independent reviewers, following the recommendations of Cochrane Collaboration Handbook for assessment of risk of bias (kappa coefficient = 0.8). Only one study presented sufficient data to perform the meta-analysis, and significant improvements in functionality was found for the experimental group (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 13.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.31, 23.49; P = 0.005). Facial exercise therapy is effective for facial palsy for the outcome functionality.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Res Med Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Res Med Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JRMS

Title: Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )

ISSN (Print): 1735-1995

ISSN (Electronic): 1735-7136

Publication date (Print): October 2011

Volume: 16

Issue: 10

Pages: 1313-1318

Affiliations

[1- ]Instructor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

[2- ]Neurologist, Neurology Ward, Shariati Hospital, Isfahan, Iran

[3- ]Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Author notes

Corresponding Author: Abbas Ali Pourmomeny E-mail: pourmomeny@ 123456rehab.mui.ac.ir

[*]

This article resulted from a medical research (project number: 83382)

Article

Publisher ID: JRMS-16-1313

PMC ID: 3430021

PubMed ID: 22973325

SO-VID: 2429fab7-a126-488e-8579-3333ebceb876

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Measurement of facial movements with Photoshop software during treatment of facial nerve palsy*

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Abstract

BACKGROUND:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSIONS:

Related collections

Karger: Ophthalmology

Most cited references 22

Development of a sensitive clinical facial grading system.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Singapore English and Chinese versions of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in Asians with knee osteoarthritis in Singapore.

Facial exercise therapy for facial palsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

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