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      Condições de saúde de mulheres e homens idosos com idade avançada: estudo longitudinal Translated title: Condiciones de salud de mujeres y hombres de edad avanzada: un estudio longitudinal Translated title: Health status of older men and women: longitudinal study

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as características sociodemográficas e de saúde de mulheres e homens com 75 anos ou mais de idade, no baseline e follow-up de quatro anos e verificar para mulheres e homens as mudanças nas condições de saúde. Métodos: estudo longitudinal com 109 idosos de 75 anos ou mais de idade de um município no Triângulo Mineiro. A coleta dos dados, realizada em dois momentos (2014-2018), ocorreu no domicílio com a aplicação de instrumentos validados no Brasil. Procederam-se às análises descritiva e teste t pareado (p<0,05). Os projetos foram aprovados pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. Resultados: verificaram-se, em ambos os sexos, aumento do número de morbidades e diminuição do escore total das atividades instrumentais da vida diária. Entre as mulheres observou-se, ainda, aumento do número de quedas e do escore de fragilidade. Conclusão: ao longo do seguimento houve piora nas condições de saúde dos idosos, sendo mais expressiva entre as mulheres.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas y de salud de mujeres y hombres de 75 años o más, en la base de referencia y el seguimiento durante cuatro años, y verificar los cambios en las condiciones de salud de mujeres y hombres. Métodos: estudio longitudinal con 109 personas mayores, de 75 años o más, de un municipio del Triângulo Mineiro. La recolección de datos, realizada en dos momentos (2014-2018), se realizó en sus domicilios aplicando instrumentos validados en Brasil. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y prueba t pareada (p <0.05). Los proyectos fueron aprobados por el Comité de Ética en Investigación con Humanos. Resultados: en ambos os sexos, hubo un aumento en el número de morbilidades y una disminución en la puntuación total de las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. Entre las mujeres, se observó asimismo un aumento en el número de caídas y la puntuación de fragilidad. Conclusión: a lo largo del seguimiento, las condiciones de salud de las personas mayores empeoraron, más expresivamente entre las mujeres.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the sociodemographic and health characteristics of women and men aged 75 or over, at baseline and after four years of follow-up, and to ascertain changes in their health status. Methods: in this longitudinal study of 109 elderly people aged 75 or over from a city in the Triângulo Mineiro, data were collected at two points (2014 and 2018), at home, by applying instruments validated for use in Brazil. Descriptive analysis and paired t-tests were performed (p < 0.05). The projects were approved by the human research ethics committee. Results: in both genders, the number of morbidities increased and the total score for instrumental activities of daily living decreased. Among women, the number of falls and frailty score also increased. Conclusion: the older people’s health status worsened over the course of follow-up, more so among the women.

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          A global assessment of the gender gap in self-reported health with survey data from 59 countries

          Background While surveys in high-income countries show that women generally have poorer self-reported health than men, much less is known about gender differences in other regions of the world. Such data can be used to examine the determinants of sex differences. Methods We analysed data on respondents 18 years and over from the World Health Surveys 2002–04 in 59 countries, which included multiple measures of self-reported health, eight domains of functioning and presumptive diagnoses of chronic conditions. The age-standardized female excess fraction was computed for all indicators and analysed for five regional groups of countries. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the association between country gaps in self-reported health between the sexes with societal and other background characteristics. Results Women reported significantly poorer health than men on all self-reported health indicators. The excess fraction was 15 % for the health score based on the eight domains, 28 % for “poor” or “very poor” self-rated health on the single question, and 26 % for “severe” or “extreme” on a single question on limitations. The excess female reporting of poorer health occurred at all ages, but was smaller at ages 60 and over. The female excess was observed in all regions, and was smallest in the European high-income countries. Women more frequently reported problems in specific health domains, with the excess fraction ranging from 25 % for vision to 35 % for mobility, pain and sleep, and with considerable variation between regions. Angina, arthritis and depression had female excess fractions of 33, 32 and 42 % respectively. Higher female prevalence of the presumptive diagnoses was observed in all regional country groups. The main factors affecting the size of the gender gap in self-reported health were the female-male gaps in the prevalence of chronic conditions, especially arthritis and depression and gender characteristics of the society. Conclusions Large female-male differences in self-reported health and functioning, equivalent to a decade of growing older, consistently occurred in all regions of the world, irrespective of differences in mortality levels or societal factors. The multi-country study suggests that a mix of biological factors and societal gender inequalities are major contributing factors to gender gap in self-reported measures of health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3352-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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            Anorexia of Aging: Risk Factors, Consequences, and Potential Treatments

            Older people frequently fail to ingest adequate amount of food to meet their essential energy and nutrient requirements. Anorexia of aging, defined by decrease in appetite and/or food intake in old age, is a major contributing factor to under-nutrition and adverse health outcomes in the geriatric population. This disorder is indeed highly prevalent and is recognized as an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality in different clinical settings. Even though anorexia is not an unavoidable consequence of aging, advancing age often promotes its development through various mechanisms. Age-related changes in life-style, disease conditions, as well as social and environmental factors have the potential to directly affect dietary behaviors and nutritional status. In spite of their importance, problems related to food intake and, more generally, nutritional status are seldom attended to in clinical practice. While this may be the result of an “ageist” approach, it should be acknowledged that simple interventions, such as oral nutritional supplementation or modified diets, could meaningfully improve the health status and quality of life of older persons.
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              Health and Well-Being in Late Life: Gender Differences Worldwide

              Maintaining health and quality of life and decreasing the number of years lived with disabilities in old age are among the main challenges of aging societies worldwide. This paper aims to present current worldwide health-related gender inequalities throughout life, and especially in late life, as well as gender gaps in social and personal resources which affect health, functioning and well-being. This paper also addresses the question of whether gender gaps at younger ages tend to narrow in late life, due to the many biological and social changes that occur in old age. Based on international data regarding these gender gaps and the trends of change in personal resources and health-related lifestyles in the more and less developed nations, conclusions regarding future changes in gender gaps are presented, along with practical implications for future improvements in women's health and well-being.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                reuerj
                Revista Enfermagem UERJ
                Rev. enferm. UERJ
                Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0104-3552
                2021
                : 29
                : e57581
                Affiliations
                [1] Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro Brazil
                Article
                S0104-35522021000100318 S0104-3552(21)02900000318
                10.12957/reuerj.2021.57581
                2407e939-5740-42a2-a1cd-46c76fb8130b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 May 2021
                : 05 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Artigo de Pesquisa

                Estudos longitudinais,Estudios Longitudinales,Enfermería Geriátrica,Anciano,Anciano de 80 o más Años,Estado de Salud,Enfermagem Geriátrica,Idoso,Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais,Nível de Saúde,Longitudinal Studies,Geriatric Nursing,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Health Status

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