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      Isolation, Characterization, and Metal Response of Novel, Acid-Tolerant Penicillium spp. from Extremely Metal-Rich Waters at a Mining Site in Transbaikal (Siberia, Russia).

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          Abstract

          The role of fungi in metal cycling in acidic environments has been little explored to date. In this study, two acid-tolerant and metal-resistant Penicillium isolates, strains ShG4B and ShG4C, were isolated from a mine site in the Transbaikal area of Siberia (Russia). Waters at the mine site were characterized by extremely high metal concentrations: up to 18 g l-1 Fe and > 2 g l-1 each of Cu, Zn, Al, and As. Both isolates were identified as Penicillium spp. by phylogenetic analyses and they grew well in Czapek medium acidified to pH 2.5. Resistance to Cu, Cd, Ni, Co, and arsenate was in the range of 1-10 g l-1. Further experiments with Penicillium strain ShG4C demonstrated that growth in Cu-containing media was accompanied by the precipitation of Cu-oxalate (moolooite) and the formation of extracellular vesicles enriched in Cu on the mycelia. Vesicles were greatly reduced in size in Cd-containing media and were not formed in the presence of Ni or Co. Cd-oxalate was detected as a crystalline solid phase in Cd-exposed mycelia. Hydrated Ni-sulfate (retgersite) and Co-sulfate (bieberite) were detected in mycelia grown in the presence of Ni and Co, respectively. The results demonstrated that acid-tolerant and metal-resistant Penicillium constitute a component in extremophilic microbiomes, contributing to organic matter breakdown and formation of secondary solid phases at pH ranges found in acid rock drainage.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Microb Ecol
          Microbial ecology
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1432-184X
          0095-3628
          Nov 2018
          : 76
          : 4
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, Tomsk, Russia, 634050.
          [2 ] Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sakhyanovoy St. 6, Ulan-Ude, Russia, 670047.
          [3 ] School of Engineering, Systems Power & Energy, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
          [4 ] Holymoor Consultancy Ltd., 360 Ashgate Road, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, S40 4BW, UK.
          [5 ] Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
          [6 ] Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, Tomsk, Russia, 634050. olga.karnachuk@green.tsu.ru.
          Article
          10.1007/s00248-018-1186-0
          10.1007/s00248-018-1186-0
          29663040
          23dcb279-c261-4396-b4ff-b2baacb4514b
          History

          Biomineralization,Bieberite,Extracellular vesicles,Extremophilic fungi,Metal resistance,Mine water,Moolooit,Penicillium spp.,Retgersite

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