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      Call for Action to Address Equity and Justice Divide During COVID-19

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          Abstract

          The coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is deepening the inequity and injustice among the vulnerable communities. The current study aims to present an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on equity and social justice with a focus on vulnerable communities. Vulnerable communities include, but not limited to, healthcare workers, those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, ethnic or minority groups, immigrants or refugees, justice-involved populations, and people suffering from chronic diseases or mental illness. The implications of COVID-19 on these communities and systemic disparities beyond the current pandemic are also discussed. People from vulnerable communities' experience disproportionately adverse impacts of COVID-19. COVID-19 has exacerbated systemic disparities and its long-term negative impact on these populations foretell an impending crisis that could prevail beyond the COVID-19 era. It is onerous that systemic issues be addressed and efforts to build inclusive and sustainable societies be pursued to ensure the provision of universal healthcare and justice for all. Without these reinforcements, we would not only compromise the vulnerable communities but also severely limit our preparedness and response to a future pandemic.

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          Most cited references110

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          Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

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            The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence

            Summary The December, 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak has seen many countries ask people who have potentially come into contact with the infection to isolate themselves at home or in a dedicated quarantine facility. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence. We did a Review of the psychological impact of quarantine using three electronic databases. Of 3166 papers found, 24 are included in this Review. Most reviewed studies reported negative psychological effects including post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, and anger. Stressors included longer quarantine duration, infection fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss, and stigma. Some researchers have suggested long-lasting effects. In situations where quarantine is deemed necessary, officials should quarantine individuals for no longer than required, provide clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols, and ensure sufficient supplies are provided. Appeals to altruism by reminding the public about the benefits of quarantine to wider society can be favourable.
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              Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019

              Key Points Question What factors are associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers in China who are treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 in multiple regions of China, a considerable proportion of health care workers reported experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, especially women, nurses, those in Wuhan, and front-line health care workers directly engaged in diagnosing, treating, or providing nursing care to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Meaning These findings suggest that, among Chinese health care workers exposed to COVID-19, women, nurses, those in Wuhan, and front-line health care workers have a high risk of developing unfavorable mental health outcomes and may need psychological support or interventions.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychiatry
                Front Psychiatry
                Front. Psychiatry
                Frontiers in Psychiatry
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-0640
                03 December 2020
                2020
                03 December 2020
                : 11
                : 559905
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) Consortium, REPROGRAM Health Equity and Justice Study Group , Sydney, NSW, Australia
                [2] 2Department of Neurology, Liverpool Hospital and South Western Sydney Local Health District , Sydney, NSW, Australia
                [3] 3Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory & NSW Brain Clot Bank, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW, Australia
                [4] 4South West Sydney Clinical School, The University of New South Wales Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia
                [5] 5Department of Psychiatry, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Kings Health Partners , London, United Kingdom
                [6] 6Manasvi , Kochi, India
                [7] 7Department of Radiation Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
                [8] 8Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
                [9] 9Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Empathy Programme, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
                Author notes

                Edited by: Antonella Granieri, University of Turin, Italy

                Reviewed by: Muhammed Elhadi, University of Tripoli, Libya; Babak Eshrati, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran

                *Correspondence: Sonu Bhaskar sonu.bhaskar@ 123456health.nsw.gov.au

                This article was submitted to Public Mental Health, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyt.2020.559905
                7744756
                33343410
                237b686f-965f-4226-9833-d11cafc27942
                Copyright © 2020 Bhaskar, Rastogi, Menon, Kunheri, Balakrishnan and Howick.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 07 May 2020
                : 13 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 145, Pages: 12, Words: 10296
                Categories
                Psychiatry
                Policy and Practice Reviews

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                social determinants of health,covid-19,vulnerable communities,mental health,health policy,health equity,social medicine,social justice

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