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      Regionale und geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Appendektomien : Bundesweite kleinräumige Entwicklung der Operationsraten in der Zeitreihe Translated title: Regional and gender variations in appendicectomy : Nationwide small-area development of operation rates in the time series

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          Abstract

          Hintergrund

          Frühere Analysen kleinräumiger Appendektomieraten zeigen erheblich höhere regionale Unterschiede der Operationshäufigkeiten bei Frauen als bei Männern.

          Ziel

          Die Arbeit identifiziert valide Messgrößen zur Darstellung regionaler Unterschiede und analysiert geschlechtsspezifische Veränderungen der Appendektomieraten auf Landkreisebene in der Zeitreihe.

          Material und Methoden

          Datengrundlage sind die der DRG-Statistik entnommenen Appendektomiehäufigkeiten für 2014, 2016 sowie 2018 nach Geschlecht auf Landkreisebene. Die regionalen Unterschiede werden mittels der „systematic component of variation“ (SCV) berechnet und beurteilt. Die SCV ist im Vergleich zu Extrem-Ratio und Variationskoeffizient robuster gegenüber stark schwankender Nennerpopulationen. SCV-Werte über 5 geben einen Hinweis auf hohe Variationen und größer 10 auf sehr hohe Variationen.

          Ergebnisse

          Bei der männlichen Population lassen sich nur geringe regionale Unterschiede der Operationsraten feststellen, die im Zeitverlauf stabil bleiben (SCV 2014 = 2,1, SCV 2016 = 1,8 und SCV 2018 = 2,0). Bei Frauen hingegen liegt die SCV in den Jahren 2014 sowie 2016 (SCV 2014 = 6,1, SCV 2016 = 5,3) über 5 und sinkt 2018 auf 4,5 ab. Darstellungen als Funnel-Plot berücksichtigen höhere Streuungen der Operationsraten in Landkreisen mit niedrigen Einwohnerzahlen.

          Diskussion

          Bei Frauen ist ein rückläufiger Trend in den Appendektomiehäufigkeiten zu erkennen. Unklar ist, ob dieser Trend auf einer Veränderung der Indikationsstellung oder auf einem geänderten allgemeinen Behandlungsmanagement bei einem Appendizitisverdacht beruht. Durch robuste Variationsmaße und der graphischen Aufbereitung als Funnel-Plots ist es möglich, systematisch bedingte regionale Versorgungsunterschiede von Zufallseffekten zu unterscheiden.

          Translated abstract

          Background

          Previous analyses of small-area appendicectomy rates showed significantly higher regional differences in the frequency of operations in women than in men

          Objective

          This work proposes valid measures to represent regional variations and analyzes gender-specific changes of appendicectomy rates at the county level in the time series.

          Material and methods

          Appendicectomy frequencies for 2014, 2016 and 2018 by gender and at the county level were taken from the DRG statistics. Regional variations were calculated and assessed using the systematic component of variation (SCV). In comparison to the extreme ratio and coefficient of variation, the SCV is more robust with respect to strongly fluctuating denominator populations. The SCV values greater than 5 indicate high variation and greater than 10 indicate very high variation.

          Results

          In the male population only minor regional variations in operation rates could be observed, remaining at similar levels over time (SCV 2014 = 2.1, SCV 2016 = 1.8, and SCV 2018 = 2.0). For women the SCV was above 5 in 2014 as well as in 2016 (SCV 2014 = 6.1, SCV 2016 = 5.3) and dropped to 4.5 in 2018. Plots as a funnel plot account for higher scatter in surgery rates in counties with low populations.

          Discussion

          Regarding women, a decreasing trend in regional variation of appendicectomy could be observed. It remains unclear whether this trend reflects a change in the indications or a modified clinical management when appendicitis is suspected. Using robust variation measures and the graphic preparation as funnel plots it is possible to distinguish systematically caused regional differences in care from random effects.

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          Most cited references16

          • Record: found
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          Small area variations in health care delivery.

          Health information about total populations is a prerequisite for sound decision-making and planning in the health care field. Experience with a population-based health data system in Vermont reveals that there are wide variations in resource input, utilization of services, and expenditures among neighboring communities. Results show prima facie inequalities in the input of resources that are associated with income transfer from areas of lower expenditure to areas of higher expenditure. Variations in utilization indicate that there is considerable uncertainty about the effectiveness of different levels of aggregate, as well as specific kinds of, health services. Informed choices in the public regulation of the health care sector require knowledge of the relation between medical care systems and the population groups being served, and they should take into account the effect of regulation on equality and effectiveness. When population-based data on small areas are available, decisions to expand hospitals, currently based on institutional pressures, can take into account a community's regional ranking in regard to bed input and utilization rates. Proposals by hospitals for unit price increases and the regulation of the actuarial rate of insurance programs can be evaluated in terms of per capita expenditures and income transfer between geographically defined populations. The PSRO's can evaluate the wide variations in level of services among residents of different communities. Coordinated exercise of the authority vested in these regulatory programs may lead to explicit strategies to deal directly with inequality and uncertainty concerning the effectiveness of health care delivery. Population-based health information systems, because they can provide information on the performance of health care systems and regulatory agencies, are an important step in the development of rational public policy for health.
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            Small-area variations in the use of common surgical procedures: an international comparison of New England, England, and Norway.

            We examined the incidence of seven common surgical procedures in seven hospital service areas in southern Norway, in 21 districts in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom, and in the 18 most heavily populated hospital service areas in Vermont, Maine, and Rhode Island. Although surgical rates were higher in the New England states than in the United Kingdom or Norway, there was no greater degree of variability in the rates of surgery among the service areas within the three New England states. Hernia repair was more variable in England (P less than 0.05) and hysterectomy in Norway (P less than 0.05) than in the other countries. There was consistency among countries in the rank order of variability for most procedures: tonsillectomy, hemorrhoidectomy, hysterectomy, and prostatectomy varied more from area to area than did appendectomy, hernia repair, or cholecystectomy. The degree of variation generally appeared to be more characteristic of the procedure than of the country in which it was performed. Thus, differences among countries in the methods of organizing and financing care appear to have little relation to the intrinsic variability in the incidence of common surgical procedures among hospital service areas in these countries. Despite the differences in average rates of use, the degrees of controversy and uncertainty concerning the indications for these procedures seem to be similar among clinicians in all three countries.
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              Understanding of regional variation in the use of surgery.

              The use of common surgical procedures varies widely across regions. Differences in illness burden, diagnostic practices, and patient attitudes about medical intervention explain only a small degree of regional variation in surgery rates. Evidence suggests that surgical variation results mainly from differences in physician beliefs about the indications for surgery, and the extent to which patient preferences are incorporated into treatment decisions. These two components of clinical decision making help to explain the so-called surgical signatures of specific procedures, and why some consistently vary more than others. Variation in clinical decision making is, in turn, affected by broad environmental factors, including technology diffusion, supply of specialists, local training frameworks, financial incentives, and regulatory factors, which vary across countries. Better scientific evidence about the comparative effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical interventions could help to mitigate regional variation, but broader dissemination of shared decision aids will be essential to reduce variation in preference-sensitive disorders.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                lea.leeser@hs-niederrhein.de
                Journal
                Chirurgie (Heidelb)
                Chirurgie (Heidelb)
                Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany)
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                2731-6971
                2731-698X
                7 April 2022
                7 April 2022
                2022
                : 93
                : 9
                : 884-891
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.440943.e, ISNI 0000 0000 9422 7759, Fachbereich Gesundheitswesen, , Hochschule Niederrhein, ; Reinarzstraße 49, 47805 Krefeld, Deutschland
                Article
                1628
                10.1007/s00104-022-01628-5
                9399065
                35391554
                2334527c-c99b-42ff-9734-cc7e1d9342f0
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open Access Dieser Artikel wird unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz veröffentlicht, welche die Nutzung, Vervielfältigung, Bearbeitung, Verbreitung und Wiedergabe in jeglichem Medium und Format erlaubt, sofern Sie den/die ursprünglichen Autor(en) und die Quelle ordnungsgemäß nennen, einen Link zur Creative Commons Lizenz beifügen und angeben, ob Änderungen vorgenommen wurden.

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                History
                : 3 March 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Hochschule Niederrhein (3394)
                Categories
                Originalien
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                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022

                regionale unterschiede,appendektomie,kleinräumige analyse,routinedaten,inanspruchnahme,regional variations,appendectomy,small-area analysis,routinely collected health data,procedures and techniques utilization

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