Germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de clones de cajueiro comum sob irrigação com água salina

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Abstract

A maioria dos pomares de cajueiro no Brasil está localizada no trópico semiárido, onde a água é escassa e apresenta problemas de salinidade. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da salinidade na germinação e no desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de cajueiro BRS 274 e BRS 275. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 com quatro repetições, referentes a soluções salinas ajustadas para as condutividades elétricas (CEa) (0, 3,0, 6,0, 9,0 e 12 dS m-1), e dois clones de cajueiro (BRS 274 e BRS 275). As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de emergência (PE), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), tempo médio de emergência (TME), altura da plântula (AP), diâmetro da plântula (DP), número de folhas (NF), área foliar (AF), massa seca das folhas (MSF), massa seca do caule (MSC) e massa seca da raiz (MSR) obtidos 30 dias após a emergência. Houve efeito de interação entre os clones e a salinidade da água de irrigação para as variáveis PE e IVE. Por sua vez, todas as variáveis estudadas foram influenciadas pela salinidade da água de irrigação e o clone BRS 275 apresentou resultados superiores para as variáveis PE, IVE, TME, AF e MSF em comparação com o clone BRS 274.

Translated abstract

Most cashew orchards in Brazil are located in semi-arid tropics, where water is scarce and has salinity problems. Based on this fact, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of water salinity on initial development of clones of cashew. Treatments were arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial design with four replications, relative to electrical conductivity of water for irrigation (ECw) (0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 12.0 dS m-1), and two clones of cashew (BRS 274 and BRS 275). The variables evaluated were: percentage of emergence (PE), rate of emergence (IVE), mean emergence time (TME), seedling height (AP), diameter of the seedling (DP), leaf area (AF), leaf dry matter (MSF), stem dry matter (MSC) and root dry matter (MSR) obtained 30 days after emergence. There was an interaction between clones and salinity of irrigation water for the variables PE and IVE. All parameters studied were affected by salinity of irrigation water and the clone BRS 275 presented superior results for PE, IVE, TME, AF and MSF variables compared to clone BRS 274.

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Most cited references 18

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Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination.

Ron Mittler (2006)

Farmers and breeders have long known that often it is the simultaneous occurrence of several abiotic stresses, rather than a particular stress condition, that is most lethal to crops. Surprisingly, the co-occurrence of different stresses is rarely addressed by molecular biologists that study plant acclimation. Recent studies have revealed that the response of plants to a combination of two different abiotic stresses is unique and cannot be directly extrapolated from the response of plants to each of the different stresses applied individually. Tolerance to a combination of different stress conditions, particularly those that mimic the field environment, should be the focus of future research programs aimed at developing transgenic crops and plants with enhanced tolerance to naturally occurring environmental conditions.