Virome in immunodeficiency: what we know currently

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Abstract

Over the past few years, the human virome and its complex interactions with microbial communities and the immune system have gained recognition as a crucial factor in human health. Individuals with compromised immune function encounter distinctive challenges due to their heightened vulnerability to a diverse range of infectious diseases. This review aims to comprehensively explore and analyze the growing evidence regarding the role of the virome in immunocompromised disease status. By surveying the latest literature, we present a detailed overview of virome alterations observed in various immunodeficiency conditions. We then delve into the influence and mechanisms of these virome changes on the pathogenesis of specific diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, this review explores the clinical relevance of virome studies in the context of immunodeficiency, highlighting the potential diagnostic and therapeutic gains from a better understanding of virome contributions to disease manifestations.

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Most cited references 113

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The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease.

Kenya Honda, Dan R. Littman (2016)

In the mucosa, the immune system's T cells and B cells have position-specific phenotypes and functions that are influenced by the microbiota. These cells play pivotal parts in the maintenance of immune homeostasis by suppressing responses to harmless antigens and by enforcing the integrity of the barrier functions of the gut mucosa. Imbalances in the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can trigger several immune disorders through the activity of T cells that are both near to and distant from the site of their induction. Elucidation of the mechanisms that distinguish between homeostatic and pathogenic microbiota-host interactions could identify therapeutic targets for preventing or modulating inflammatory diseases and for boosting the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

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Efficacy of Sterile Fecal Filtrate Transfer for Treating Patients With Clostridium difficile Infection

Stephan J Ott, Georg Waetzig, Ateequr Rehman … (2017)

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). However, transferring undefined living bacteria entails uncontrollable risks for infectious and metabolic or malignant diseases, particularly in immunocompromised patients. We investigated whether sterile fecal filtrates (containing bacterial debris, proteins, antimicrobial compounds, metabolic products, and oligonucleotides/DNA), rather than intact microorganisms, are effective in patients with CDI.

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The dynamics of the human infant gut microbiome in development and in progression toward type 1 diabetes.

Aleksandar D. Kostic, Dirk Gevers, Heli Siljander … (2015)

Colonization of the fetal and infant gut microbiome results in dynamic changes in diversity, which can impact disease susceptibility. To examine the relationship between human gut microbiome dynamics throughout infancy and type 1 diabetes (T1D), we examined a cohort of 33 infants genetically predisposed to T1D. Modeling trajectories of microbial abundances through infancy revealed a subset of microbial relationships shared across most subjects. Although strain composition of a given species was highly variable between individuals, it was stable within individuals throughout infancy. Metabolic composition and metabolic pathway abundance remained constant across time. A marked drop in alpha-diversity was observed in T1D progressors in the time window between seroconversion and T1D diagnosis, accompanied by spikes in inflammation-favoring organisms, gene functions, and serum and stool metabolites. This work identifies trends in the development of the human infant gut microbiome along with specific alterations that precede T1D onset and distinguish T1D progressors from nonprogressors. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Chin Med J (Engl)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Chin Med J (Engl)

Journal ID (publisher-id): CM9

Title: Chinese Medical Journal

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Hagerstown, MD )

ISSN (Print): 0366-6999

ISSN (Electronic): 2542-5641

Publication date (Electronic): 01 November 2023

Publication date (Print): 20 November 2023

Volume: 136

Issue: 22

Pages: 2647-2657

Affiliations

[1 ]Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China

[2 ]Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

[3 ]Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China

[4 ]Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

Author notes

Correspondence to: Guanxiang Liang, Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China E-Mail: guanxiangliang@ 123456tsinghua.edu.cn

Scott Sherrill-Mix, Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA E-Mail: ssm@ 123456msu.edu

Bin Su, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China E-Mail: binsu@ 123456ccmu.edu.cn

Article

Publisher ID: CMJ-2023-2030 Accession ID: 00001

DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002899

PMC ID: 10684123

PubMed ID: 37914672

SO-VID: 22f522f6-214f-4b8b-890a-ba501c70d0ff

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

History

Date received : 30 July 2023

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Keywords: human virome,immunodeficiency,people living with hiv,plwh,diagnosis,therapeutics,autoimmune diseases,organ transplantation

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Keywords: human virome, immunodeficiency, people living with hiv, plwh, diagnosis, therapeutics, autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation

Virome in immunodeficiency: what we know currently

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Most cited references 113

The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease.

Efficacy of Sterile Fecal Filtrate Transfer for Treating Patients With Clostridium difficile Infection

The dynamics of the human infant gut microbiome in development and in progression toward type 1 diabetes.

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