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      Idosos no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil: efeitos nas condições de saúde, renda e trabalho Translated title: Older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: effects on health, income and work Translated title: Ancianos en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil: efectos en las condiciones de salud, renta y trabajo

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      Cadernos de Saúde Pública
      Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
      COVID-19, Saúde do Idoso, Solidão, Renda, Fatores Socioeconômicos, COVID-19, Health of the Elderly, Loneliness, Income, Socioeconomic Factors, COVID-19, Salud del Anciano, Soledad, Renta, Factores Socioeconómicos

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          Abstract

          Resumo: O presente estudo tem o objetivo de caracterizar a população idosa brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19, considerando suas condições de saúde, socioeconômicas, desigualdade de sexo, adesão ao distanciamento social e sentimento de tristeza ou depressão. Estudo transversal realizado com idosos brasileiros que participaram de um inquérito de saúde (N = 9.173), com método de amostragem “bola de neve virtual”. Os dados foram coletados via web, por meio de questionário autopreenchido. Foram estimadas prevalências, intervalos de confiança e, para verificar a independência das estimativas, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Durante a pandemia, houve diminuição da renda em quase metade dos domicílios dos idosos. O distanciamento social total foi adotado por 30,9% (IC95%: 27,8; 34,1) e 12,2% (IC95%: 10,1; 14,7) não aderiram. Idosos que não trabalhavam antes da pandemia aderiram em maior número às medidas de distanciamento social total. Grande parte apresentou comorbidades associadas ao maior risco de desenvolvimento da forma grave de COVID-19. Sentimentos de solidão, ansiedade e tristeza foram frequentes entre os idosos, especialmente entre as mulheres. A pandemia da COVID-19 aprofundou a desigualdade ao afetar os idosos mais vulneráveis. Estratégias para mitigar a solidão e o distanciamento social devem ser feitas levando-se em conta a vulnerabilidade social e a acentuada diferença entre homens e mulheres quanto à composição domiciliar e às condições socioeconômicas e de trabalho. Recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de pesquisas representativas da população idosa brasileira e que investiguem o impacto da pandemia neste grupo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: The goal of this study is to characterize the population of older adults in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic with regard to health, socioeconomic conditions, gender inequality, adherence to social distancing and feelings of sadness or depression. It is a cross-sectional study carried out with Brazilian older adults who responded to an online health survey (N = 9,173), using a “virtual snowball” sampling method. Data were collected online via a self-administered questionnaire. Prevalence and confidence interval estimates were performed and verified for independence using Pearson’s chi-square test. During the pandemic there was a fall in household income among almost half of older adults. Extreme social distancing was practiced by 30.9% (95%CI: 27.8; 34.1) and 12.2% (95%CI: 10.1; 14.7) did not adhere to it. Older adults who were not working before the pandemic adhered in greater numbers to extreme social distancing measures. Most of them presented comorbidities associated with a higher risk of developing the severe form of COVID-19. Feelings of loneliness, distress and sadness were frequent among older adults, especially women. The COVID-19 pandemic widened the inequality gap by affecting the most vulnerable older people. Strategies to mitigate loneliness and social distancing should consider social vulnerability and the marked difference between men and women in terms of household composition and socioeconomic and working conditions. The development of representative surveys of Brazilian older adults is recommended, investigating the impact of the pandemic on this population.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar a la población anciana brasileña durante la pandemia de COVID-19, considerando sus condiciones de salud, socioeconómicas, desigualdad de sexo, adhesión al distanciamiento social y sentimiento de tristeza o depresión. Es un estudio transversal realizado con ancianos brasileños que participaron en una encuesta de salud virtual (N = 9.173), con un método de muestra “bola de nieve virtual”. Los datos fueron recogidos vía web, mediante un cuestionario autocompletado. Se estimaron las prevalencias, intervalos de confianza y, para verificar la independencia de las estimaciones, se utilizó el test chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Durante la pandemia, hubo una disminución de la renta en casi la mitad de los domicilios de los ancianos. El distanciamiento social total fue adoptado por un 30,9% (IC95%: 27,8; 34,1) y 12,2% (IC95%: 10,1; 14,7) no se adhirieron. Los ancianos que no trabajaban antes de la pandemia se adhirieron en mayor número a las medidas de distanciamiento social total. Gran parte presentó comorbilidades asociadas a un mayor riesgo de desarrollo de la forma grave de COVID-19. Sentimientos de soledad, ansiedad y tristeza fueron frecuentes entre los ancianos, especialmente entre las mujeres. La pandemia de COVID-19 profundizó la desigualdad al afectar a los ancianos más vulnerables. Se deben elaborar estrategias para mitigar la soledad y el distanciamiento social, teniéndose en cuenta la vulnerabilidad social y la acentuada diferencia entre hombres y mujeres, respecto a la composición domiciliaria y las condiciones socioeconómicas y de trabajo. Se recomienda el desarrollo de investigaciones representativas de la población anciana brasileña, que investiguen el impacto de la pandemia en esta población.

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          Most cited references54

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          Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death

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            COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly

            As countries are affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the elderly population will soon be told to self-isolate for “a very long time” in the UK, and elsewhere. 1 This attempt to shield the over-70s, and thereby protect over-burdened health systems, comes as worldwide countries enforce lockdowns, curfews, and social isolation to mitigate the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, it is well known that social isolation among older adults is a “serious public health concern” because of their heightened risk of cardiovascular, autoimmune, neurocognitive, and mental health problems. 2 Santini and colleagues 3 recently demonstrated that social disconnection puts older adults at greater risk of depression and anxiety. If health ministers instruct elderly people to remain home, have groceries and vital medications delivered, and avoid social contact with family and friends, urgent action is needed to mitigate the mental and physical health consequences. Self-isolation will disproportionately affect elderly individuals whose only social contact is out of the home, such as at daycare venues, community centres, and places of worship. Those who do not have close family or friends, and rely on the support of voluntary services or social care, could be placed at additional risk, along with those who are already lonely, isolated, or secluded. Online technologies could be harnessed to provide social support networks and a sense of belonging, 4 although there might be disparities in access to or literacy in digital resources. Interventions could simply involve more frequent telephone contact with significant others, close family and friends, voluntary organisations, or health-care professionals, or community outreach projects providing peer support throughout the enforced isolation. Beyond this, cognitive behavioural therapies could be delivered online to decrease loneliness and improve mental wellbeing. 5 Isolating the elderly might reduce transmission, which is most important to delay the peak in cases, and minimise the spread to high-risk groups. However, adherence to isolation strategies is likely to decrease over time. Such mitigation measures must be effectively timed to prevent transmission, but avoid increasing the morbidity of COVID-19 associated with affective disorders. This effect will be felt greatest in more disadvantaged and marginalised populations, which should be urgently targeted for the implementation of preventive strategies.
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              Social isolation: a predictor of mortality comparable to traditional clinical risk factors.

              We explored the relationship between social isolation and mortality in a nationally representative US sample and compared the predictive power of social isolation with that of traditional clinical risk factors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                2021
                : 37
                : 3
                : e00216620
                Affiliations
                [2] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem Brazil
                [4] Ouro Preto Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto orgdiv1Escola de Medicina Brazil
                [1] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde Brazil
                [3] Campinas São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Brazil
                [7] São Cristóvão orgnameUniversidade Federal de Sergipe orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Brazil
                [6] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Saúde Pública Brazil
                [5] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2021000300505 S0102-311X(21)03700300505
                10.1590/0102-311x00216620
                33825801
                22ed67d5-5e90-469c-88f5-d99950b419f1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 July 2020
                : 17 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 0
                Categories
                Espaço Temático: ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos

                Factores Socioeconómicos,Saúde do Idoso,Renta,Income,Solidão,Health of the Elderly,Renda,Soledad,Socioeconomic Factors,Fatores Socioeconômicos,COVID-19,Salud del Anciano,Loneliness

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