Cognitive decline in normal aging and its prevention: a review on non-pharmacological lifestyle strategies

Klimova, Blanka; Vališ, Martin; Kuca, Kamil

doi:10.2147/CIA.S132963

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Cognitive decline in normal aging and its prevention: a review on non-pharmacological lifestyle strategies

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Author(s): Blanka Klimova ¹ ^, ² , Martin Valis ² , Kamil Kuca ³ ^, ⁴

Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2017

Journal: Clinical Interventions in Aging

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

Keywords: cognitive impairment, healthy older individuals, intervention, benefits

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the selected non-pharmacological lifestyle activities on the delay of cognitive decline in normal aging. This was done by conducting a literature review in the four acknowledged databases Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Springer, and consequently by evaluating the findings of the relevant studies. The findings show that physical activities, such as walking and aerobic exercises, music therapy, adherence to Mediterranean diet, or solving crosswords, seem to be very promising lifestyle intervention tools. The results indicate that non-pharmacological lifestyle intervention activities should be intense and possibly done simultaneously in order to be effective in the prevention of cognitive decline. In addition, more longitudinal randomized controlled trials are needed in order to discover the most effective types and the duration of these intervention activities in the prevention of cognitive decline, typical of aging population groups.

Most cited references 34

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Normal cognitive aging.

Caroline N. Harada, Marissa C. Natelson Love, Kristen L. Triebel (2013)

Even those who do not experience dementia or mild cognitive impairment may experience subtle cognitive changes associated with aging. Normal cognitive changes can affect an older adult's everyday function and quality of life, and a better understanding of this process may help clinicians distinguish normal from disease states. This article describes the neurocognitive changes observed in normal aging, followed by a description of the structural and functional alterations seen in aging brains. Practical implications of normal cognitive aging are then discussed, followed by a discussion of what is known about factors that may mitigate age-associated cognitive decline.

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Aerobic fitness is associated with hippocampal volume in elderly humans.

Kirk I Erickson, Ruchika Prakash, Michelle W. Voss … (2009)

Deterioration of the hippocampus occurs in elderly individuals with and without dementia, yet individual variation exists in the degree and rate of hippocampal decay. Determining the factors that influence individual variation in the magnitude and rate of hippocampal decay may help promote lifestyle changes that prevent such deterioration from taking place. Aerobic fitness and exercise are effective at preventing cortical decay and cognitive impairment in older adults and epidemiological studies suggest that physical activity can reduce the risk for developing dementia. However, the relationship between aerobic fitness and hippocampal volume in elderly humans is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether individuals with higher levels of aerobic fitness displayed greater volume of the hippocampus and better spatial memory performance than individuals with lower fitness levels. Furthermore, in exploratory analyses, we assessed whether hippocampal volume mediated the relationship between fitness and spatial memory. Using a region-of-interest analysis on magnetic resonance images in 165 nondemented older adults, we found a triple association such that higher fitness levels were associated with larger left and right hippocampi after controlling for age, sex, and years of education, and larger hippocampi and higher fitness levels were correlated with better spatial memory performance. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hippocampal volume partially mediated the relationship between higher fitness levels and enhanced spatial memory. Our results clearly indicate that higher levels of aerobic fitness are associated with increased hippocampal volume in older humans, which translates to better memory function. Copyright 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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A Review of the Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Cognitive and Brain Functions in Older Adults

Louis Bherer, Kirk I Erickson, Teresa Liu-Ambrose (2013)

Studies supporting the notion that physical activity and exercise can help alleviate the negative impact of age on the body and the mind abound. This literature review provides an overview of important findings in this fast growing research domain. Results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies with healthy older adults, frail patients, and persons suffering from mild cognitive impairment and dementia are reviewed and discussed. Together these finding suggest that physical exercise is a promising nonpharmaceutical intervention to prevent age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Interv Aging

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Clin Interv Aging

Journal ID (publisher-id): Clinical Interventions in Aging

Title: Clinical Interventions in Aging

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

ISSN (Print): 1176-9092

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-1998

Publication date Collection: 2017

Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2017

Volume: 12

Pages: 903-910

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove

[2 ]Department of Neurology

[3 ]Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove

[4 ]Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic

Author notes

Correspondence: Kamil Kuca, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic, Tel +420 60 328 9166, Fax +420 49 583 5200, Email kamil.kuca@ 123456fnhk.cz

Article

Publisher ID: cia-12-903

DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S132963

PMC ID: 5448694

PubMed ID: 28579767

SO-VID: 22e2db91-f808-415e-817c-e108df629834

License:

The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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